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魚毒漁の社会生態 : ネパールの丘陵地帯におけるマガールの事例から
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004217
https://doi.org/10.15021/0000421747a26bea-7e55-4a4f-ab86-2f0a86c8601c
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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KH_018_3_001.pdf (3.1 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||||
| タイトル | 魚毒漁の社会生態 : ネパールの丘陵地帯におけるマガールの事例から | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||||
| タイトル | Socio-Ecology of Poison Fishing : A Case Study of the Magars in the Middle Hills of Nepal | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||||
| 主題 | ネパール｜魚毒漁｜焼畑｜サンショウ属｜遊びの共有 | |||||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||||
| 主題 | Nepal｜poison fishing｜shifting cultivation｜Zanthoxylum sp.｜sharing of pleasure | |||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15021/00004217 | |||||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||||
| 著者 |
南, 真木人
× 南, 真木人
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||||||
| 内容記述 | In this article, I discuss ecological and social aspects of poison fishing among the Magars, in the middle hills of Nepal, northern Nawalparashi district. The Magar people use various poisonous plants to catch freshwater fish in tributaries of the Kaligandaki River. Poison fishing is a popular and much-anticipated activity, taking place regularly in August each year. Following a survey of various ethnographies, Akimichi [n.d.] pointed out three general characteristics of poison fishing activity: 1. large quantities of poisonous plants are used, 2. the fish are caught in large quantity during each fishing event, and 3. there is usually some period during which no fish are caught. Each of these can be identified further with other factors: Identity and ecology of the plants used, their ownership, the manner of extraction of poison, and the organization of fishing group with 1.; Fishing method, gear, and the intended sharing and storage of the catch with 2.; Fishing frequency, and the selection of fishing places with 3. These factors vary according to particular circumstances. In this article the Magar example is described in chapter III. In the last chapter, I discuss (1) Poison fishing is associated with shifting cultivation; (2) The characteristics of poison fishing can be categorized as `unintercepted' since no fixed net or fence is used to capture the poisoned fish; and (3) The implication of poison fishing as that it contributes to provide an opportunity for different Magar villages to share the pleasure of the fishing activity enjoyed by all participants. The most important plant for fishing is a species of Zanthoxylum, known as bis in the Magar language. The poison is extracted from ripe fruit and bark. Bis multiplies naturally in areas of shifting cultivation, after land has been burned. Fire accelerates the germination of bis seeds according to the Magar people. It is also proved by forest-ecological experiment [KAMATAet .al. 1987]. The young plants are raised without being cut. Some of them are transplanted to the ridge between dry fields in order to be cultivated as private property. In a typical area, about 35 mature bis trees were owned by one village with 12 homesteads, and 100 inhabitants. These trees produced enough fruit for three fishing expeditions in one season. The frequency of fishing is limited by the amount of poison available. Because a large quantity of poison were required for poison fishing, temporary fishing groups were formed one group includes all the inhabitants of 2-3 intimate villages. They group members conferred with each other about plans for poison fishing, in secret against other villages. In fact many other villagers learned about the plan by hearsay, and went fishing without contributing poison. Although the people of fishing group who prepared poison were displeased with such people, they could not prevent them from fishing. In principle, river resources are public. Secondary resources in all areas of shifting cultivation are also public unlike paddy and dry field. We can analyse that poison fishing is associated with shifting cultivation on account of a common principle of public utilization of resources, and that bis tree is abundant in areas of shifting cultivation, since germination of bis seeds is accelerated by fire. After the poison is released, individuals dash to good vintage points with a scoop net in sequence from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. They actively move in close to fish. The lowest reaches of fishing area are not enclosed with any communal fence or fixed weir, and the catch is not shared among the fishing group. Magar poison fishing can therefor be categorised as `unintercepted'. This is not because of any technical difficulty with making fences. Rather, it is because the poisoning is not efficient. The fish would revive from paralysis if people waited at one place. To an outside observers, the fishing activity may look like competition for fish or for good netting points with other people. However, it is not really competition, because people do not show their catch to each other when the fishing is over. The fishing produces no obvious result. Such a result is one requirement for competition. The Magars enjoy individually the luck and skill required for successful fishing. Poison fishing in a group means that the people need each other not only for gathering poison in large quantity, but also to share the pleasure of the fishing activity among the fishing group. Poison fishing is thus a source of both individual and communal pleasure. |
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| 言語 | en | |||||||||||||
| 書誌情報 |
ja : 国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 18, 号 3, p. 375-407, 発行日 1994-02-28 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||||
| 出版者（英） | ||||||||||||||
| 出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||||
