{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:09.809493+00:00","id":4225,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"c5b88a07-9ab8-423d-8476-730001fa2747"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4225","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4225"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004225","sets":["345:432"]},"author_link":["82"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1994-02-28","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"407","bibliographicPageStart":"375","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"18","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"In this article, I discuss ecological and social aspects of poison\nfishing among the Magars, in the middle hills of Nepal, northern Nawalparashi\ndistrict. The Magar people use various poisonous plants to\ncatch freshwater fish in tributaries of the Kaligandaki River. Poison\nfishing is a popular and much-anticipated activity, taking place regularly\nin August each year.\nFollowing a survey of various ethnographies, Akimichi [n.d.]\npointed out three general characteristics of poison fishing activity: 1.\nlarge quantities of poisonous plants are used, 2. the fish are caught in\nlarge quantity during each fishing event, and 3. there is usually some\nperiod during which no fish are caught. Each of these can be identified\nfurther with other factors: Identity and ecology of the plants used, their\nownership, the manner of extraction of poison, and the organization of\nfishing group with 1.; Fishing method, gear, and the intended sharing\nand storage of the catch with 2.; Fishing frequency, and the selection of\nfishing places with 3. These factors vary according to particular circumstances.\nIn this article the Magar example is described in chapter\nIII.\nIn the last chapter, I discuss (1) Poison fishing is associated with\nshifting cultivation; (2) The characteristics of poison fishing can be\ncategorized as `unintercepted' since no fixed net or fence is used to\ncapture the poisoned fish; and (3) The implication of poison fishing as\nthat it contributes to provide an opportunity for different Magar villages\nto share the pleasure of the fishing activity enjoyed by all participants.\nThe most important plant for fishing is a species of Zanthoxylum,\nknown as bis in the Magar language. The poison is extracted from ripe\nfruit and bark. Bis multiplies naturally in areas of shifting cultivation,\nafter land has been burned. Fire accelerates the germination of bis seeds\naccording to the Magar people. It is also proved by forest-ecological experiment\n[KAMATAet .al. 1987]. The young plants are raised without\nbeing cut. Some of them are transplanted to the ridge between dry fields\nin order to be cultivated as private property. In a typical area, about 35\nmature bis trees were owned by one village with 12 homesteads, and 100\ninhabitants. These trees produced enough fruit for three fishing expeditions\nin one season. The frequency of fishing is limited by the amount of\npoison available.\nBecause a large quantity of poison were required for poison fishing,\ntemporary fishing groups were formed one group includes all the inhabitants\nof 2-3 intimate villages. They group members conferred with\neach other about plans for poison fishing, in secret against other\nvillages. In fact many other villagers learned about the plan by hearsay,\nand went fishing without contributing poison. Although the people of\nfishing group who prepared poison were displeased with such people,\nthey could not prevent them from fishing. In principle, river resources\nare public. Secondary resources in all areas of shifting cultivation are\nalso public unlike paddy and dry field. We can analyse that poison\nfishing is associated with shifting cultivation on account of a common\nprinciple of public utilization of resources, and that bis tree is abundant\nin areas of shifting cultivation, since germination of bis seeds is accelerated\nby fire.\nAfter the poison is released, individuals dash to good vintage points\nwith a scoop net in sequence from the upper reaches to the lower\nreaches. They actively move in close to fish. The lowest reaches of\nfishing area are not enclosed with any communal fence or fixed weir, and\nthe catch is not shared among the fishing group. Magar poison fishing\ncan therefor be categorised as `unintercepted'. This is not because of\nany technical difficulty with making fences. Rather, it is because the\npoisoning is not efficient. The fish would revive from paralysis if people\nwaited at one place.\nTo an outside observers, the fishing activity may look like competition\nfor fish or for good netting points with other people. However, it is\nnot really competition, because people do not show their catch to each\nother when the fishing is over. The fishing produces no obvious result.\nSuch a result is one requirement for competition. The Magars enjoy\nindividually the luck and skill required for successful fishing. Poison\nfishing in a group means that the people need each other not only for\ngathering poison in large quantity, but also to share the pleasure of the\nfishing activity among the fishing group. Poison fishing is thus a source\nof both individual and communal pleasure.\n","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004217","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"南, 真木人"},{"creatorName":"ミナミ, マキト","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Minami, Makito","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_018_3_001.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"3.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_018_3_001.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4225/files/KH_018_3_001.pdf"},"version_id":"74d18b44-dfd4-4436-bba9-5aeb6c1734e5"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"ネパール｜魚毒漁｜焼畑｜サンショウ属｜遊びの共有","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Nepal｜poison fishing｜shifting cultivation｜Zanthoxylum sp.｜sharing of pleasure","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"魚毒漁の社会生態 : ネパールの丘陵地帯におけるマガールの事例から","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"魚毒漁の社会生態 : ネパールの丘陵地帯におけるマガールの事例から"},{"subitem_title":"Socio-Ecology of Poison Fishing : A Case Study of the Magars in the Middle Hills of Nepal","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["432"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4225","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["魚毒漁の社会生態 : ネパールの丘陵地帯におけるマガールの事例から"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:17:33.956859+00:00"}