ソニンケ社会における家族の連帯と規模 : 出稼ぎをめぐって

三島 禎子

ソニンケ社会における家族の連帯と規模 : 出稼ぎをめぐって利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004171
タイトル(英)	Migration and Family Structure in Soninke Society
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
キーワード	出稼ぎ, ソニンケ人, セネガル, 家族形態, 家族核
キーワード(英)	migration, Soninke, Senegal, family structures, family nucleus (noyau familial)
著者	三島禎子 / ミシマテイコ ( CiNii ID: 1000020280604 , 科研費研究者番号: 20280604 )
著者(英)	Teiko Mishima ( CiNii ID: 1000020280604 , 科研費研究者番号: 20280604 )
抄録	The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the Soninke family adapts to the socio-economic conditions surrounding their society by paying special attention to family size and structures. The Soninke society along the Senegal valley has been placed outside the main stream of development policies adopted by the central government since the colonial period. This is a major reason why twenty to thirty percent of one village have been forced to emigrate to France. Almost all the emigrants are male, and they live in France without wife and children. Remittances from the emigrants are used not only for the expenditures needed to sustain the daily life of the family but also for the common expenditures needed for community development in the village. Today, emigration has become essential for the Soninke people to live on in such a depressed region. The migration observed in Soninke society has been maintained by large families and their ties. Simultaneously, it is confirmed that family structures are adversely influenced by the migration itself. The migration to France, with its completely different customs and culture, cannot continue without the cohesion of the emigrants. It is observed that the traditional age systems and class relationships seen in the village are brought into France. On the other hand, it is confirmed that the status of head of family has been gradually enforced due to continuous migration. The patriarchal system seen in Soninke society becomes a major element in producing families of twenty two point four (22.4) persons on average, as surveyed at the village of Gande. When the actual conditions of the large families are clarified, using the three basic comp" of nents of "compound (concession) ", "household (menage) " and amily nucleus (noyau familial) ", the following five family types are revealed, namely; 1. mononuclear family, : a couple + single lineal descendants (+ a lineal ascendant + other single relatives), 2. expanded mononuclear family, : 1 + at least one single collateral relative, 3. polynuclear family,: 1 + at least one family nucleus of lineal relatives, 4. collateral polynuclear family, : 1 + at least one family nucleus of collateral relatives, 5. expanded polynuclear family, : 3 + 4. It is observed that the emigrants come from comparatively large families, e.g. collateral polynuclear family or expanded polynuclear family, and that in such large families there is a tendency for the average age of the head to be high, and further, that those families often belong to a lower social class. The members of a large family live in the village and the place where they emigrate, and their relations are formed as strong ties among the family members. However, this kind of family is not the traditional and typical one seen in Soninke society in the past. Rather, it must be said that it has been newly formed by contemporary socio-economic conditions. In addition to this, with respect to changes in family structures in the future, the most interesting thing to observe will be changes in the economic and social power of men in the family. It is, in short, to be determined by the power relations between the head of a family and the emigrants.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	21
号	1
ページ	77 - 118
発行年	1996-10-31
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	National Museum of Ethnology

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ソニンケ社会における家族の連帯と規模 : 出稼ぎをめぐって利用統計を見る

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ソニンケ社会における家族の連帯と規模 : 出稼ぎをめぐって 利用統計を見る

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ソニンケ社会における家族の連帯と規模 : 出稼ぎをめぐって利用統計を見る