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ハワイにおける日系霊能者と民間信仰 : オアフ島の女性霊能者の事例
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004522
https://doi.org/10.15021/000045228619b391-758c-40b4-afd8-492152181a09
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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KH_005_2_001.pdf (5.6 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||||
| タイトル | ハワイにおける日系霊能者と民間信仰 : オアフ島の女性霊能者の事例 | |||||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||||
| タイトル | Japanese Religious Mediums and Folk Belief among Japanese Americans in Hawaii : Female Mediums on Oahu Island | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15021/00004522 | |||||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||||
| 著者 |
中牧, 弘允
× 中牧, 弘允
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||||
| 内容記述 | The religious behavior of immigrants not only reflects their religious needs in a new society but also illuminates the heritage of the society left behind. Research on the religious behavior of Japanese immigrants and their descendants mainly concerns these themes. This paper is based on field research that I conducted during June—August, 1977 and June—August, 1979, as a member of the research team for the project entitled "Japanese Religions among the Japanese Americans in Hawaii". Data are presented on religious experiences and the activities of nine female mediums-who -have appeared sporadically since the second decade of this century, and who have been little studied. Here; "medium" is defined as a person who is believed to possess the mystical powers to communicate with spiritual beings through his her five (or even six) senses, and who is able to use these powers on behalf of others. This is a fairly broad concept, but differs distinctively from that of "preacher" and "priest", who, respectively, communicate with spiritual beings mainly through written scriptures and formalized rituals. A brief religious history of Japanese Americans is provided as a historical context for the mediums. Three stages are discerned here in the social history of Japanese Americans in Hawaii, 1) plantation life 2) plantation to city life 3) urban and suburban life. In the plantation camps male religious leaders who organized Daishi-ko were prominant figures in healing rituals and exorcism. Most later became Shingon priests. The first female medium appeared in Honolulu, and city people have been their main clients. Their religious activities are somewhat similar to those of adherants of new religions such as TenrikYOa nd Sekai-kyasei-ky5( Church of World Messianity). Mediums are, however, quite different from the latter in terms of originality and flexibility in their activities. Multiple membership is also discussed briefly, since it supports the activities of mediums. Roughly speaking, established churches headed by Jodo-shinshu have fulfilled the needs of rites of passage and (religious) education for the Japanese (Americans), whereas mediums have satisfied the so-called beneficial needs of this world, strongly based on the folk beliefs of Japanese immigrants. The role of Shingon priests is somewhat intermediate. Then nine cases of female mediums are presented extensively with minimum speculation. The order of presentation is: 1. Rev. Shina Miyake and Ishizuchi Jinja 2. Rev. Myosei Matsumoto and Pablo Kwannonji 3. Abbess Tatsush6 Hirai and Mdaiji Bekkaku,H onzan 4. Rev. Kasho Sawada and Tenshinciti 5. Rev. Juncho Matsuoka and Kapalama Fuck' Kyókai 6. Rev. Jikyu Rose and Koganji 7. Rev. SEdO Hayashi and Shigisan Gobunreisho 8. Mrs. Kame Shimabuku 9. Rev. KOshii Sakai Finally, some distinctive features of mediums are mentioned briefly. First, there are two types of mediums, calling-type and training-type. For most, (ascetic), training at the headquarters is important since it helps their clients to acknowledge and justify the mystical powers of the medium, i.e., their sense of affiliation with the headquarters in Japan is quite strong, because it bestows legitimacy regardless of what they do in Hawaii. Second, divinities with whom they communicate range from Buddhistic (e.g. Fudjmyoo, Kwannon, Jizo, and Bishamonten) to Shintoistic (e.g. Futenmagu and Itsukushima Jinja) ones. Some mediums communicate mostly with a specific divinity, whereas others communicate with various divinities. All, however, stress the blessings of specific divinities and never negate the existence of other spiritual beings. Third, among the many devices used to transmit their mystical powers the commonest is the conveyance of divine messages which they claim to have received, followed by the so-called kaji method, especially using hand techniques. Other devices include spiritualistic medium, exorcism, clairvoyance and substitution. The objects used by mediums and/or clients, and believed to possess mystical powers, include holy water, holy scriptures, amulets, rosary, salt and sand. Last, a comparison is made of the organizational dimension. Some mediums confine their work to a private, person-to-person relationship, whereas in other cases lay organizations have been formed around the mediums, despite their reluctance for public propagation. Though these organizations vary from cult- to church-type, they all retain some intimateness among their membership in addition to close personal relationships with the mediums. In either type, however, succession has been a serious problem because of the intrinsic nature of mystically gifted powers that the mediums claim to possess. |
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| 書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 5, 号 2, p. 317-375, 発行日 1980-10-20 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||||
| 出版者（英） | ||||||||||||||
| 出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology | |||||||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||||
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Cite as
中牧, 弘允, 1980, Japanese Religious Mediums and Folk Belief among Japanese Americans in Hawaii : Female Mediums on Oahu Island: 国立民族学博物館, 317–375 p.
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