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フルベ語色彩語彙 ：色彩基礎語彙に関する一考察
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004465
https://doi.org/10.15021/000044651d6c608e-71ed-4bf6-b25d-014f3f34c211
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
|---|---|---|
KH_007_4_001.pdf (2.8 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | フルベ語色彩語彙 ：色彩基礎語彙に関する一考察 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | Color Terms in the Pulaar Language : A Reflection on Basic Color Terms | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15021/00004465 | |||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||
| 著者 |
小川, 了
× 小川, 了
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | The study of the color terms entered a new era after 1969, when Berlin and Kay published their work, Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution. After having stressed the necessity of the emic study of color terms in each culture Berlin and Kay attempted "to get behind or beyond that to see if there were in fact etic universals at another level of structure" [KAY 1972 (1970): 27]. I find that they advanced too rapidly toward showing a universality and made an oversight in the understanding of the color terms in each culture. They recognize that language changes naturally if viewed diachronically, but claim that "a given language at a given point of time can be assigned to one and only one stage" [BERLIN and KAY 1969: 15]. But if language is to change diachronically it must contain , even when viewed synchronically, the varietals, some of which becoming definitely changes. Berlin and Kay underestimated this. This point, in fact, was rectified later by Kay [KAY 1975]. Kay furthermore divided the color categories, in a work with McDaniel and using fuzzy set theory, into three degrees: focal member, non-focal member and non-member. They defined the primary basic color categories as those in which the fundamental neural response categories are identical with the semantic categories. These are red, yellow, green, blue, black and white, and these primary basic color categories make the derived basic color categories which are brown, pink etc. [KAY and MCDANIEL 1978]. The chapters I, II, and III of this article consist of the description and analysis of my investigation into the color terms in the Pulaar language of a group of Fulani (Fulbe-Jenngelbe) in Senegal, which have never been studied directly until now. In this study, I proceeded first to list all the Jenngelbe color terms by using color chips. After having eliminated the concrete words which represent some particular color, I examined thirteen color terms from the Pulaar grammatical and lexicographical points of view and also by using the CIE's color distribution scheme. I examined how the terms are verbalized, nominalized, and also checked the concrete meanings of each color terms to comprehend the exact domain of its semantic distribution. I found as a result that, in Pulaar, ran— (white), bal— (black), wod—(red), and 'ool—(yellow) are the primary basic color terms, and sooy— (dry brown, yellow green, green) and yuum— (wet dark-brown) are the secondary basic color terms. These six basic color terms have a close connection with the Jenngelbe's classificatory system of cattle by body color. Four terms, ran—,bal—,wod—,and 'ool—do not signify anything concrete other than the color, and their foci are recognized clearly. Two terms, sooy—and yuum—,on the contrary, are closely connected to other phenomena in the natural world and they are multi-focused also. According to Kay and McDaniel [1978], ran—,bal—,wod—and 'ool—can be defined as focal members and sooy—and yuum— non-focal members (but nonetheless basic color terms). On the other hand, the Jenngelbe people use bula (blue) and werta (green), which are both terms borrowed from French. bula specially is a word well-known to everyone. But these two terms are not well integrated grammatically in the Pulaar language and cannot be considered as basic color terms. That a term which corresponds to "blue" has never been formed in the Jenngelbe's traditional color term system can be explained by their not having found blue in natural model which they used to form color terms, that is, cattle body color. A similar fact is reported in the Mursi in Ethiopia [TURTON 1978]. Then, the claim made by Kay and McDaniel that red, yellow, green, blue, black and white are formed universally before other color terms is an inexplainable contradiction, at least when Jenngelbe and Mursi color term systems are examined. Furthermore, the method of defining basic color terms by using fuzzy set theory, as advanced by Kay and McDaniel, was tested by Mervis and Roth, and was proven inefficient [MERV'S and ROTH 1981]. Finally, the Berlin-Kay-McDaniel method is of great use in defining basic color terms, but it is not universally applicable without adaptation to local contexts. An emic study in each culture and language is decisive. For example, the term orange, defined by Berlin and Kay as a basic color term in English, cannot be so in my opinion, because, compared to pink, grey and purple, which make pinkish, greyish and purplish as secondary adjectives, the term orange does not have this kind of grammatical form and so is not yet completely integrated as a color term in English. |
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| 書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 7, 号 4, p. 689-736, 発行日 1983-03-22 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||
| 出版者（英） | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology | |||||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||
