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会話場面における人の概念の類型論（II) : その類型と類型の世界的分布
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004454
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004454166a18e0-1708-4ab0-9b0b-fa3bd999dd7c
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
|---|---|---|
KH_008_2_003.pdf (5.3 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | 会話場面における人の概念の類型論（II) : その類型と類型の世界的分布 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | Typology of Person Category in Deixis (II) : The Types of Person Category and It's Distribution in the World | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15021/00004454 | |||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||
| 著者 |
吉田, 集而
× 吉田, 集而
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | This paper describes the typology of person deictics, and exemplifies the new universal person deictic system discussed previously [YOSHIDA 1982]. It also examines the co-relationship between typology and language groups. Using 1129 languages (and/or dialects), 9 Basic Types, 23 Derivative Types and 2 Duality Dominant Types are recognized. The Basic Type is not formulated statistically, as was Ingram's methodology (1978), but theoretically. When all possible terms within a particular person deictic system exist, the type which has the terms is identified as a Basic Type. For example, a system in which Loquent person and Audient person have both 'singularity' and 'plurality' forms, belongs to a Basic Type, but a system in which Audient person has only one term in spite of Loquent person having 'singularity' and 'plurality' forms, as in English, is identified as a Derivative Type. Basic Types are divided into two; Dialoquent Person Type (D-Type) and Non-Dialoquent Person Type (ND-Type). ND-Type lacks a Dialoquent person category whereas D-Type has one. D-Type is subdivided into two; Singularity Dialoquent Person Type (Ds-Type) and Non-Singularity Dialoquent Person Type (Dns-Type). Only infrequently among the world's languages does a 'singularity' form of Dialoquent person occur. However, this occurs more often among the Minor Languages of the Philippines [REID 1971], as in Hanunoo [CONKLIN 1962]. This is the Ds-Type. The other system has a Dialoquent person and belongs to the Dns-Type. The Derivative Type is that in which one or more terms are absent from the terms of Basic Type or occur in addition to those terms. Since these types appear to be genetically derived from Basic Types, they are called here Derivative Type. Only 68 samples out of 1141 (6.0%) languages treated here are identified as Derivative Type, indicating that in them human recognition is rational. Two samples do not distinguish between singularity and plurality forms despite the clear existence of a duality form. This is the Duality Dominant Type, and it is noteworthy that this type has the Dialoquent person. Although the 'duality' form regularly appears following distinction between singularity and plurality forms, it shows that the duality form in deictic system is closely related with the Dialoquent person category, and that the 'duality' form might be independent of other number systems, although not universally so. Most language groups exhibit particular characteristics in the typology of person deictic system. For example, the dominant types of Austronesian are 5Dns (Dns type with 5 terms) and 6Ds types. Papuan is 5ND type, Australian is 8Dns, Indo-European is 4ND, Afro-Asiatic is 4ND, Nilo-Saharan is also 4ND, and so on. It seems that the notion of person deictics is strongly retained from the ancestral language among the most language groups. Sometimes, sub-groups have different characteristics that set them apart from the groups. For example, Koman is identified as 5Dns dominant type although Nilo-Saharan as a group is identified as 4ND dominant type. Hence, sub-group level analysis might reflect more precisely the actual features of the samples. D-Type and ND-Type are adopted for simplification and to clarify the basic notion of the deictic person system. A distribution map of the types on the analysed above is provided Fig. 30. The map suggests three hypothesis regarding the origins of the notion of Dialoquent person category. One may be a Yinmanese (the southwestern part of China) origin, from where the notion of the category diffused westwards (Munda and Dravidian), southwards (Kam-Tai, Austro-Asiatic without Munda and Austronesian) and northeastwards (Altaic and American languages). The second is that the origin might have been the ancestral language of Chado-Hamitic. This is the African center of the Dialoquent person category, and the notion of the category spread from an uncertain geographical locality of the ancestral language to Koman, Kordofanian, Eastern Sudanic, Adamawa Eastern, West Atlantic and Khoisan. The third hypothesis is an Australian origin. Although these hypothesis remain speculative, they are valuable for testing the substratum of general human recognition from the macro-perspective. ［Key word : Cognitive Anthropology, universality, world's languages, typology, origin and deixis] (Please observe that the title of the first paper in this series should read "Typology of Person Category in Deixis (I)".) |
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| 書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 8, 号 2, p. 307-423, 発行日 1983-08-31 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||
| 出版者（英） | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology | |||||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||
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Cite as
Yoshida, Shuji, 1983, Typology of Person Category in Deixis (II) : The Types of Person Category and It's Distribution in the World: 国立民族学博物館, 307–423 p.
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