WEKO3
アイテム
ホメロスの詩と文字使用
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004427
https://doi.org/10.15021/000044276c740e14-fd15-4a77-8baf-78e69bd4cb3e
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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KH_009_3_006.pdf (4.2 MB)
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| アイテムタイプ | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | ホメロスの詩と文字使用 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | The Homeric Poems and the Usage of Writing | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15021/00004427 | |||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||
| 著者 |
小川, 正広
× 小川, 正広
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | It is commonly assumed that the Homeric poems (i.e., the Iliad and the Odyssey) were composed during the 8th century B.C., and it is also certain that the alphabet was introduced into the Greek world at the latest by the last half of the same century. This begged the much discussed question of how and when these songs, which owe much of their language and technique to a long oral tradition, were first committed to writing. In this paper, I attempt to approach this problem in two different ways : (1) by examining the opinions of scholars who valued Milman Parry's study of oral epic poetry; and (2) by tracing the origin of the written text from the Alexandrian period back to the age of Homer. Although Parry showed that the Homeric poems were created orally, his successors were soon obliged to confront a difficult question which he did not consider. A. B. Lord, his collaborator in collecting the actual oral epics in Yugoslavia, has observed that (a) an orally-composed poem cannot be handed on by oral transmission without fundamental changes, but that (b) the oral poet's powers are destroyed if he learns to read and write. Thus he concluded that Homer did not himself write his poems, but rather, dictated them. Of these two principles, (b) was criticized by Adam Parry, who argued that Homer could have written them without having been exposed to such a dangerous literary culture as that which developed around the living South- Slavic bards. On the contrary, G. S. Kirk accepted the principle (b) and, rejecting (a), has tried to credit the early Greek rhapsodes with a higher degree of verbal accuracy in their performances than in the case of the ordinary Yugoslavian poets. In this debate, the common concern would be to connect, as directly as one can, the Homer as "Singer of Tales" with the Homer of the preserved poems, whose "dramatic quality" ( J. B. Hainsworth) makes the chief obstacle to its being thought a pure oral product. However, to what extent is it possible? We cannot respond without pursuing the history of the text. The origin of the present text, on the whole, goes back through the critical works of the Alexandrian scholars of the 2nd century B.C. to the old vulgate, which, by its linguistic characteristics, can be closely related to Attica. On the other hand, the ancient traditions suggest that an official text was used in the Athenian festival called Panathenaea, where the Homeric poems were regularly recited from the 6th century. Although this is the oldest text which we can confirm, it is possible to think that this Attic text was brought from Ionia, virtually from the Homeridae ("descendants of Homer"), mainly because of a comparatively small number of orthographic errors caused by the formal adoption of Ionic alphabet at Athens, in 403 B.C. The Homeridae were not only reputed as excellent reciters, but they seem to have been practised in improvisation as well. So they must have used writing to fix the Homeric version, with a view to applying themselves to creative composition, which was also an important heritage of Homer. Now, whereas recitation and improvisation are psychologically the same thing for the modern Yugoslavian poets (according to Lord), I suppose there was a clear distinction between imitation and originality for the singers of the Homeric time (aoidoi) and the Homeridae. It is in this mental condition that the letters worked for the professional poets as an effective means of record. But it should not be overlooked that the public transmission remained oral until a much later time, and in this respect we cannot disregard Kirk's view of oral tradition. |
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| 書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 9, 号 3, p. 609-630, 発行日 1984-12-25 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||
| 出版者（英） | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology | |||||||||||
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| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||
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| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||
