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「国民的出稼ぎ現象」の社会・経済的影響 : 北イエメンの20年
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004248
https://doi.org/10.15021/000042488181d57b-ab80-4851-8ae6-d1a8122a1d30
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
|---|---|---|
KH_017_2_005.pdf (3.3 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | 「国民的出稼ぎ現象」の社会・経済的影響 : 北イエメンの20年 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | Labor Migration as a “Whole Nation Movement” and Its Impact on Society and Economy : Yemen's Experiences from 1970 to 1990 | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | 出稼ぎ労働｜送金｜石油ブーム｜開発｜社会階層 | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | labor migration｜remittance｜oil-boom｜development｜social strata | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15021/00004248 | |||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||
| 著者 |
佐藤, 寛
× 佐藤, 寛
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | This paper is intended to illustrate how the "labor migration" could initiate and accelerate the socio-economic changes of the home country of emigrant workers. I will discuss this impact from three dimensions: first, outflow and absence of emigrant workers from their home country; second, inflow of remittance, and finally, return of workers. This paper is the result of the author's field work and bibliographic study. With the beginning of the 1970s, especially after the "oil crises" in 1973-74, Middle Eastern oil-producing countries entered "the era of development" with tremendous pace and scale. This phenomenon affected North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic) , the neighboring Arab- Islam, non-oil producing, poor and closed country. Yemeni Highland societies (70-80% of North Yemen consists of mountainous areas) are featured by their isolation from each other and also from the outside world until 1970. Isolation was supported by a self-sufficient agricultural economy, minimal social mobility, and an independent political mind of the tribesmen. Since the beginning of the 1970s, the development boom of Saudi Arabia attracted more than a million workers from Yemen. This means about a half of the Yemeni male labor force was working in Saudi Arabia. The remittance of Yemeni labors amounted to 13 billion U.S.$ in the peak year of 1978/79, which was equivalent to 77% of Yemen's GDP for that year. The outflow of a young and most energetic labor force caused a decrease of cultivated land and an increase of labor wages domestically. An inflow of remittance resulted in an increase of purchasing power among the rural population. This accelerated the penetration of cash into isolated villages. The general inflation caused the price of bride to soar, and most young men compelled to emigrate to get married. This made labor migration a "whole-nation movement". Since most Yemeni emigrant workers were unskilled and single, and their stay-period in Saudi Arabia was short (less than 5 years) , some emigrants began returning from the latter half of the 1970s. Returned emigrants brought with them automobiles, generators, drilling machines for water well and other machineries along with dresses for their women, stainless knives and forks and electrical appliances for their household (most of them were made in Japan) . Returning emigrants ventured into new business which had been unknown in Yemen, such as taxi, petroleum lorry, gas-filling station, car-repairing, metal window-frame making, and so on. They also entered into commerce, which was traditionally considered as an inferior work from the tribal point of view. The self-sufficient cereal producing agriculture shifted into a cashcropping and "Qat" production, and peasants import cheap flour and canned foods. Social mobility increased with new asphalt roads and emigrants' cars. A lot of commodities ranging from Qat leaves to smuggled petrol are flooded on the roads. Commerce and transport became Yemen's prime industry. After two decades of these changes, the long-lived isolation of Yemeni societies has now broken down. Agriculture as a bases of tribal society is on the decline, and Yemen is now totally dependent upon the outside world. International labor migration is a global issue, and it could be interpreted as one of the unique phenomina in the 20th century. The Yemeni case is one of the typical examples of socio-economic impacts of international labor migration on home country. Development aid is another unique phenomenon in this century, and when we examine the development of the third world countries, we cannot ignore the impact of international labor migration. Therefore, the experience of Yemeni labor migration offeres a lot of lessons and implications for us, the aid donors and receivers as well. |
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| 書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 17, 号 2, p. 369-408, 発行日 1992-12-15 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||
| 出版者（英） | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology | |||||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||
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Cite as
Sato, K. Hiroshi, 1992, Labor Migration as a “Whole Nation Movement” and Its Impact on Society and Economy : Yemen's Experiences from 1970 to 1990: 国立民族学博物館, 369–408 p.
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