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中米の言語の語順の類型論的研究
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004300
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004300ca213cd8-c540-4b40-be25-6256d0c181d8
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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KH_014_2_001.pdf (3.8 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||||
| タイトル | 中米の言語の語順の類型論的研究 | |||||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||||
| タイトル | A Typological Study of Word Order of Middle American Indian Language | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15021/00004300 | |||||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||||
| 著者 |
八杉, 佳穂
× 八杉, 佳穂
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||||
| 内容記述 | This paper provides typological data on 73 Middle American Indian languages (including some dialects). The study focuses on: (1) the order of S(ubject)/O(bject)/V(erb); (2) adposition order, i.e., the existence of Pr(epositions) vs Po(stpositions); (3) the placement of the G(enitive) and N(oun) ; (4) the A(djective) and N; (5) the P(ronoun) and N; (6) the D-(eterminative) and N; (7) the Q(uantative) and N. The data are summarized in Table 2. I first discuss genetic classifications from a typological standpoint. Major difference from the previous classifications is the position of Tol. Since Tol shows typologically a mirror image to Tequistlatec, it is separated from the Tequistlatec complex. Interestingly, Seri has the same word order types as Tol, and therefore both are worth comparing. Tlapanec is classified as an Otomanguean, but Huave is typologically different from the Otomanguean and is isolated. The Otomanguean are typical VSO languages, and the word orders are head-modifier. But Chichimec is a SOV language, and Otomi and Mazahua are VOS. If Chichimec belongs to Otomanguean, the Otomangean family is divided into three major sub-branches, that is, Chichimec, the Northern (Otomi, Mazahua) and the Southern (others). The Mayan are VOS languages, but the Western Highland sub-branches are VSO, the order of which is supposed to have spread from Mam. Although the Uto-Aztecan and Mixe-Zoquean are postpositional languages, /SO/V order varies. It is possible that they might have been SOV languages but later changed word order under the influence of Ianguages in a culturely defined area of Mesoamerlca. Greenberg set up 45 universal statements, one of which is that Ianguages with dominant VSO order are always prepositional. He also recognized three basic positions of the verb: VSO, SVO, SOV. Therefore it is worth noting that VSO-Po languages, such as Northern Tepehuan, Cora, Huasteca Nahuatl, and Black Carib, do exist, and there are many VOS Ianguages in Mesoamerica. Next, word order diversity is examined, based on both genetic classifications and areal distribution. Almost all Middle American Indian Ianguages are so-called incorporated languages. The sentence nucleus, which consists of verb stem[v] and obligatory affxes indicating subject [s], object [o], etc., is a kind of microsentence, a miniaturc of the Iarger construction. To explain the diversity of S/O/V order, I compared the sentence nucleus with S/O/V order. [S/O/V] order of the sentence nucleus was found to be irrelevant to the change of S/O/V order, but it seems to be more related to the other word orders than is the S/O/V order. Further study of this should be rewarding. Mesoamerican languages share a number of linguistic features that might have resultcd from diffusion or mutual interaction. Areal distribution of word order types shows that languages which have variant orders are bordered by the other types of languages. This means that contact borrowing is important to language change. In Mesoamerica there is no SOV language, although the area itself is sandwichcd between areas with SOV languages. Central Mesoamerica is occupied by the Southern Otomanguean, which are VSO, head-modifier languages. They are surrounded by SVO or VOS, modifierhead languages. Some word order challges are supposed to have resulted from interaction between modifier-head languages and head-modifier languages. For example, the change of GN-AN to NG-NA is observed in Nahuan, and Classical Nahuatl has Po/Pr, GN/NG and AN/NA. These co-occurrence sets are assumed to refiect the transition from one historical stage, i.e., Po-GN-AN, to another, Pr-NG-NA, under the influence of head-modifier languages. In regard to the P/N-D/N orders, the Otomanguean, influence is weak, whereas on the G/N-A/N orders, the Otomanguean are powerful. The word orders of S/O/V,Po/Pr,N/A and N/G seem to be more sensitivc to diffusion than are those of P/N, D/N, and Q/N. The Southern Otomanguean are head-modifier languages, but they have QN order. In the Zapotecan writing system of Monte Alban I to III, from ca. 500 B.C. to A.D. 700, glyphs precede numerals, which might reflect the ancient Zapotec NQ order. If so, it is possible that the Southern Otomanguean were totally head-modifier languages. Co-occurrence of Po/Pr, GN/NG and AN/NA in Classical Nahuatl is supposed to have occurred between the 14th and early-16th centuries, judging from ethnohistorical data. It then changed to NG-NA order. This might be mere guesswork, but there is no doubt that typological studies of Middle American languages will contribute not only to general linguistics (including areal linguistics, language change, etc.), but also to the understanding of Mesoamerican history. |
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| 書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 14, 号 2, p. 259-378, 発行日 1989-10-25 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||||
| 出版者（英） | ||||||||||||||
| 出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology | |||||||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||||
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Cite as
八杉, 佳穂, 1989, A Typological Study of Word Order of Middle American Indian Language: 国立民族学博物館, 259–378 p.
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