パプアニューギニア，イワム族の農耕に関する民俗分類の予備的報告

吉田 集而

パプアニューギニア，イワム族の農耕に関する民俗分類の予備的報告利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004395
タイトル(英)	Preliminary Report of Folk Classification on Iwan Agriculture, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
著者	吉田集而 / ヨシダシュウジ
著者(英)	Shuji Yoshida
抄録	This is a preliminary report on research that I conducted among the Iwam of the May River area, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, in 1984. It focuses on agriculture from the perspective of folk classification. The Iwam group consists of about 3,000 persons, whose subsistence depends heavily on the swamp cultivation of sago palm, taro, bananas, sugar cane, breadfruits and pandanus, complemented by hunting and fishing. In this paper, I discuss, a) The status of cultivated plants in Iwam folk classification of plants and folk taxonomies of varieties of each cultivated plant; b) Folk classification of land, and the cultivation methods of the main crops; and c) Cooking methods and cognition of taste. Cultivated plants are often discussed in a connection with a general classification of plants, and the general principles of folk classification were presented by Berlin et al [1973]. Although the Iwam vaguely recognize the domain of plants, cultivated plants may be better understood as a subset of food rather than as a subset of plants, because the interest of the Iwam focuses on whether these plants are edible or not. Morphological classification in terms of growth habit is seen under the taxon of cultivated plants, and the food classificatory system without animal food corresponds to that of cultivated plants. The Iwam recognize several varieties of cultivated plants: There are 9 varieties of sago palm, 9 of pandanus, 13 of sugar cane, 18 of taro, 6 of sweet potato, 5 of yam, 51 of bananas, and 1 of breadfruits. Apart from bananas and taro, folk taxonomies of these cultivated plants are depicted each with classificatory characters (Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12). Although general information on bananas and taro was collected, their classifications are not yet fully analyzed. This is because information regarding them is retained mainly by the women, with whom it was difficult to communicate. These topics remain for future research. The Iwam agricultural system is discussed in terms of the folk classification of land, method of obtaining sago starch, the cultivation of breadfruits, garden-making and the relationship between seasonal cognition and cultivation. Iwam cooking methods are simple. The method used mainly is wrapping food in leaves and then roasting. This is classified as steaming. Stone-steaming is a variant. Another category is roasting. Stone boiling is used only for sago starch, the cooking of which is the most complex food handling techniques (Fig. 23). Iwam cognition of taste is interesting when compared with that of other groups since their terms for describing taste are differentiated. This may be a sample of one of the most simple cognition patterns of taste.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	10
号	3
ページ	615 - 680
発行年	1986-02-22
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	National Museum of Ethnology

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パプアニューギニア，イワム族の農耕に関する民俗分類の予備的報告利用統計を見る

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パプアニューギニア，イワム族の農耕に関する民俗分類の予備的報告 利用統計を見る

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パプアニューギニア，イワム族の農耕に関する民俗分類の予備的報告利用統計を見る