{"created":"2023-06-20T16:02:18.137386+00:00","id":8350,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"33e56765-d8ac-41aa-8feb-81a4491652d6"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"8350","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"8350"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00008350","sets":["345:726"]},"author_link":["58"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2019-07-25","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"178","bibliographicPageStart":"129","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"44","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"食と農は人類学の主要分野のひとつだが，わが国の人類学的な食研究は多様\n性の理解にアクセントが置かれ，現在世界中で進行している食と農の急速な変\n化に目を向けることはほぼなかった。本研究は，アグリビジネスによって主導\nされている世界中の農業の変化と，それへのオールタナティブとしての新たな\n食体系の創出の試みを具体的なケースに沿いながらたどるものであり，よりグ\nローバルで再帰的な性格をもっている。\n　アグリビジネスは20 世紀初頭以来急速に発展した産業分野であり，トラク\nターや化学肥料・除草剤，1980 年以降は遺伝子組み換え作物を開発することで\n日本を含めた世界中の農業に多大な影響を与えてきた。こうしたアグリビジネ\nス主導の農業に対し，公然と反旗を翻しているのが欧州連合とフランスの農業\n政策である。1990 年代に確立されたそれは，農業の多面的機能の概念にもとづ\nき，農業を単なる経済的活動としてではなく，農業が環境保全と地域社会の維\n持，地域経済活性化のための核心的ファクターであるととらえている。\n　そこから欧州連合は有機農業に積極的な保護をおこない，各国での急速な発\n展につなげている。2016 年の全耕地面積中の有機栽培農地の割合は，オースト\nリア21.9％，スウェーデン18.0％，イタリア14.5％であり，とりわけ注目され\nるのがフランスである。それは2007 年に1.9％と低率であったのが，2011 年\n3.6％，2016 年6.6％と急速に進展している。\n　一方，わが国の有機農地の割合は，2007 年0.1％，2011 年0.2％ときわめて低\nく，その後も大きな変化はない。その原因は，政府の農業改革が失敗に終わっ\nたこと，化学肥料と農薬の販売で多大な利益を上げている農協が有機農業に背\nを向けていること，兼業によって安定した収入を確保している農業者が手のか\nかる有機農業に不熱心なこと，などにある。\n　有機農業の進展は，政府の政策だけでなく，農業者や消費者の意識的な行動\nにもよっている。農業者が生産物を直接販売するファーマーズ・マーケットや，\n生産者と消費者が契約をむすぶCSA やアマップなどの活動も各国でさかんに\nなっている。わが国でもこれらの活動は近年活発になっており，生産者と消費\n者を直接に結びつける試みとして生活クラブに代表される消費者運動や「食べ\nる通信」などの活動を挙げることができる。\n　これらの活動は，生産者と消費者のあいだの信頼関係を重視し，両者に積極\n的な関与をうながし，生産にかかわる情報を公開し，なにを生産しなにを食べ\nるかという生産者と消費者の自己決定権を尊重する点に特徴をもつ。これらの\n特徴は民主主義のそれと共通するものであり，私がこれらの実践を「食の民主\n主義」と呼ぶのはそのためである。\n　本稿は具体的なケースにもとづきながら，これらの実践にどのような可能性\nがあり限界があるかを検討することで，私たちの食と農の未来を展望しようと\nするものである。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Food and agriculture are main fields of anthropology. Nevertheless,\nanthropological food studies in Japan have emphasized its diversity, neglecting\nthe rapid changes in food and agriculture that are progressing rapidly and\nradically all over the world. This paper elucidates changes in agriculture\naround the world and presents some attempts to create a new agri-food system.\nIn this sense, this paper expresses a globalized and referential perspective.\nAgribusiness has developed as a branch of industry since the beginning of\nthe 20th century. After the invention of agricultural machinery, it invented\nchemical fertilizer and pesticide, and genetically modified crops from the\n1980s. Such technologies now strongly affect agriculture worldwide and in\nJapan. Contrary to this type of agriculture is a type promoted by the French\ngovernment and the European Union commission, which established new\nagricultural policies in the 1990s. These policies reformulate the fundamental\nidea of agriculture: Agriculture is not a purely economic activity, but a\nmulti-functional activity that must be regarded as the core factor of environmental\nprotection, local community maintenance, and local economic revitalization.\nFrom this perspective, the EU and France have provided financial support\nand a path to rapid growth of organic farming. The ratio of the organic farmland\nin 2016 was 21.9% in Austria, 18.2% in Sweden, and 14.5% in Italy.\nMore interesting is the case of France, where the ratio of organic farming was\nonly 1.9% in 2007, but where it has advanced rapidly to 3.6% in 2011, and\n6.6% in 2016.\nBy contrast, the proportion of Japan remains extremely low: only 0.1% in\n2007 and 0.2% in 2011. The reasons are multiple, but apparently include failure\nof government agricultural reform policy, indifference of Japan\nAgricultural Cooperatives which profit from agrichemical sales, and lax ethics\nof farmers opposed to drastic changes in agriculture.\nGovernmental policy is not the unique factor for the promotion of organic\nfarming. Some farmer and consumer activities have also made great contributions\nto the progress of organic farming. Furthermore, such activities are\ndeveloping rapidly in Japan. These activities have common features such as\nrelationships based on producer-consumer trust, active involvement, disclosure\nof information related to production, and self-determination of producers\nand consumers in deciding what to produce and eat. These features are common\nwith those of democracy. This is the reason we qualify these practices as\n“food democracy”.\nBased on concrete cases, this paper is aimed at showing the future of agriculture\nand food systems by examining the possibilities and limits of these\npractices.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_publisher_27":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X  ","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"metadata only access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"竹沢, 尚一郎"},{"creatorName":"タケザワ, ショウイチロウ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Takezawa, Shoichiro","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"有機農業｜アグリビジネス｜食の民主主義｜農業政策｜アマップ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"organic farming｜agribusiness｜food democracy｜agricultural policy｜AMAP","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"アグリビジネスから食の民主主義へ : 岐路にある日本とフランスの食と農","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"アグリビジネスから食の民主主義へ : 岐路にある日本とフランスの食と農"},{"subitem_title":"From Agribusiness to Food Democracy : Future of Agriculture and Food in Japan and France","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"17","path":["726"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2019-07-31"},"publish_date":"2019-07-31","publish_status":"0","recid":"8350","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["アグリビジネスから食の民主主義へ : 岐路にある日本とフランスの食と農"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:58:33.909500+00:00"}