@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007556, author = {竹沢, 尚一郎 and Takezawa, Shoichiro}, issue = {2}, journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology}, month = {Dec}, note = {日本民俗学の創始者柳田国男については多くの研究がある。しかしその多く は,柳田が日本民俗学を完成させたという終着点に向けてその経歴を跡づける という目的論的記述に終わっているために,民俗学も民族学も存在していな かった明治大正の知的環境のなかで,柳田がどのようにして自己の学問を築い ていったかを跡づけることに成功していない。  彼の経歴を仔細にたどっていくと,彼が多くの挫折と変化を経験しながらみ ずからの人生と学問を自分の手で築いていったことが明らかである。青年期に は多くの小説家や詩人と交流しながらロマンティックな詩を書いた詩人であ り,東京帝国大学で農政学を学んだあとの十年間は,日本農業の改革に専念し たリベラリスト農政官僚であった。その後,1911 年に南方熊楠と知り合うこ とで海外の民族学や民俗学を本格的に学びはじめ,第一次世界大戦後は国際連 盟委員をつとめるなかで諸大国のエゴイズムを知らされて失望し,それを辞任 して帰国したのちは日本民俗学の確立に邁進する。こうした彼の人生の有為転 変が彼の民俗学を独自のものにしたのである。  柳田がようやく彼の民俗学を定義したのは1930 年ごろである。それは,隣 接科学(=民族学)との峻別と,民俗学独自の方法(データの採集方法)の確 立,社会のなかでのその役割の正当化,研究対象としての日本の特別視という 4 重の操作を経ておこなわれたものであった。英米の人類学はとくに1925 年 から1935 年のあいだに理論と実践の両面で革新を実現したが,すでに自分の 民俗学の定義を完了した柳田はそれを取り入れることをしなかった。彼の民俗 学は,隣接科学や海外の学問動向を参照することを必要としない一国民俗学に なったのであり,隣接科学との対話や交流という課題は今日まで解決されるこ となく残っている。, Many studies have examined Yanagita Kunio, the founder of Japanese folklore studies, but few have carefully traced how Yanagita built his discipline in the academic environment of the Meiji–Taisho periods, during which neither folklore nor ethnology existed as an independent discipline. This lack of investigation has occurred because, from a teleological perspective, past studies have depicted the vicissitudes of Yanagita’s life to conform to the final point that he completed Japanese folklore studies. Following his career, it is readily apparent that he constructed his academic life deliberately and independently while experiencing numerous setbacks and changes. In adolescence, he was a poet who wrote romantic poems while cultivating friendships with many novelists and poets. After studying agricultural science at Tokyo Imperial University, he worked as a liberal bureaucrat dedicated to the reform of the Japanese agricultural system. In 1911, he became acquainted with Minakata Kumakusu and began pursuing ethnology and folklore studies eagerly under his influence. After World War I, he was appointed as a committee member of the League of Nations and was disappointed to witness the arrogance shown by the major powers. After he resigned and returned to Japan, he struggled to establish Japanese folklore studies. These experiences in his life made his folklore unique. Yanagita defined his discipline around 1930 as based on four factors: distinction from adjacent science( i.e. ethnology),establishment of methodology (method of collecting data), justification for its role in society, and granting privileges to Japan as a privileged research subject. During 1925– 1935 British and American anthropologists achieved radical changes in both theory and practice. Nevertheless, Yanagita, who had already completed his definition of folklore studies, never adopted them. His folklore studies became a nationalist and closed science that required no reference to neighboring sciences and foreign academic trends. In light of this past history, realizing dialogue and exchanges with adjacent sciences remains a difficult task for Japanese folklore.}, pages = {213--263}, title = {ロマンティストであり,リベラリストである : 「柳田国男」の自己創造}, volume = {42}, year = {2017}, yomi = {タケザワ, ショウイチロウ} }