{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:25.428870+00:00","id":4645,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"eeea2952-3ff5-401d-b48f-5e7a806d19be"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4645","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4645"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004645","sets":["345:500"]},"author_link":["4422"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1976-10-30","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"591","bibliographicPageStart":"565","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"1","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The study of the Middle Horizon has been one of the major\nobjects of andean archaeollogy since Uhle's excavations at Pachacamac\nin 1896. Up to now through the investigations of W.C.\nBennett at Hurai, C. Ponce Sangines at Tiahuanaco, L.G. Lumbreras\nin Ayacucho region, and especially by the analytical study\nof pottery styles by D. Menzel, the relative chronology and the\ncultural development of the two centers of this period, southern\nTiticaca and the Ayacucho regions, has been fairly well established.\nAlthough we cannot say that the present data are fully\nsufficient, I think that it is time to take up the problem of the\ndevelopment process of this important period. In this paper I\nfocus on the formation of the Middle Horizon based on the\nreports and studies by the investigators mentioned above. Since\nour data are still somewhat inadequate, perhaps it is still too\nearly to present a complete explanation of this problem. However,\nthis paper is an attempt to advance some tentative hypotheses\nconcerning this problem.\nIn the Early Intermediate Period, especially in the first half,\nboth southern Titicaca and the Ayacucho regions were culturally\nunderdeveloped compared with other coastal regions. But in\nthe last half of that period we saw the emergence of some political\nunity, such as Tiahuanaco in the southern Titicaca and\nNawimpukyo and Chakipampa in Ayacucho. Of these, Tiahuanaco\ndeveloped earlier than the others and also showed\nstrong religious characteristics. There large constructions were\nbuilt and monolithic sculptures were carved. Since E.I.P.\nthese two regions had contact with south coast of Peru, indicated\nby the polychrome pottery motifs and technique. These contacts\nwere probably through trade activities. From the highland\nthey brought alpaca wool, which was in demand by coastal\nweavers, and perhaps dried llama meat. The present center ofherding these animals is the southern highland and it was possibly\nthe same at that time. At present we have no data concerning\nthe materials they brought back from the coast. Other than\nmaize, I can only suggest scallop shells, which are presently an\nimportant ritual object among the highland peoples. But it is\nvery possible that Tiahuanaco religious iconography and ideology\nwere introduced from coast through these trading activities.\nBoth the Gateway God and the running figure, as well as feline\nand eagle or falcon motifs are found in Paracas and Nazca\npottery or textile designs although this introduction would have\nbeen through Pucara culture. The trade route between southern\nTiticaca and south coast might have passed through or near the\nAyacucho region where at the end of E.I.P. some local political\nunity was consolidated. It is strange that we do not find any\nreligious traces there. The Tiahuanaco influence appeared suddenly\nat Conchopata. If the trade route passed near or through\nAyacucho, they should have been introduced to the Tiahuanaco\nreligion earlier. Therefore, either the route did not pass\nthrough this region, or Ayacucho people were not advanced\nenough to adopt the Tiahuanaco religion. It is difficult to\npresent a definitive answer but the latter of these possibilities\nseems the more likely. First the Ayacucho region would have\nbeen only a junction spot between southern Titicaca and the\nsouth coast, but after the introduction of Tiahuanaco religion,\nthey began to develop culturally and politically. Then they\ntook over trading activities between highland and coast from the\nTiahuanaco people. Their capital, Huari, developed based on\ntrading and more systematic exploitation of land and water,\nand became the center of the Middle Horizon.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004637","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"藤井, 龍彦"},{"creatorName":"フジイ, タツヒコ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Fujii, Tatsuhiko","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_001_3_004.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"20.9 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_001_3_004.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4645/files/KH_001_3_004.pdf"},"version_id":"65fec80d-b31d-4e8d-9f6c-ed4d4180cad9"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"中央アンデスMiddle Horizonの成立について","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"中央アンデスMiddle Horizonの成立について"},{"subitem_title":"On the Formation of the Middle Horizon in the Central Andes","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["500"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4645","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["中央アンデスMiddle Horizonの成立について"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:23:39.575986+00:00"}