@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004633,
 author = {Tanabe, Shigeharu and 田辺, 繁治},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {The Lannathai of Northern Thailand cultivate wet-rice in
inter-mountain basins by means of a gravity irrigation system of
weirs and canals. The system is determined in part by physiographic
and hydrographic conditions. But because of the need
for close cooperation in operating and maintaining the system it
also is bound up with the history and socio-cultural organization
of Lannathai villages. This article examines the irrigation
system both from technological and from socio-cultural points
of view, drawing upon field data obtained in Nong Paman village,
Mae Rim district, Chiang Mai prefecture, in 1975.
The author first sketches the physiography and ecology
of the Chiang Mai basin in so far as these have bearing upon
the cultivation of wet-rice. He gives particular attention to
native categories of habitat and paddy field. He then classifies
the types of irrigation systems, and describes the development of
irrigated agriculture in this basin since the reign of King
Mangraimaharat in the 13th century.
Next the discussion focuses upon the irrigation system of
Nang Paman village. After describing wet-rice farming procedures
the author provides an account of the structure and
operation of the fai (weirs) and muang (canals) used to irrigate
the four paddy areas in the village. The farmers of each paddy
area-including farmers from other villages-are organized
into a traditional irrigation control group, or mufti, under anirrigation headman, or huana m itangf e ll.
The irrigation control groups have two main activities :
1) to allocate the distribution of water to members' fields, and
2) to make annual repairs to the system. The weirs in particular
often need repairing since they are constructed of low-durability
stakes (lak fai) of ton tiing (Dipterocarpus tuberculatus) and ton sak
(Tectona grandis).
Since the Mae Rim river supplies ample water during the
main part of the growing season, virtually no problems arise over
the allocation of water to members' fields. Thus the major
task of the mu f di groups is that of coordinating labor and
materials for annual repairs to the system. Cooperation among
members is further enhanced through feasts and f ai spirit rituals.
The author suggests that these highly cooperative irrigation
control groups may be an example of "tight structuring" within Thai society.},
 pages = {671--777},
 title = {ノーンパーマンの灌漑体系 : ラーンナータイ稲作農村の民族誌的研究（1）},
 volume = {1},
 year = {1977},
 yomi = {タナベ, シゲハル}
}