{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:23.198028+00:00","id":4591,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"1b0e3b39-23e5-47f7-846d-5aaa692e9a93"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4591","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4591"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004591","sets":["345:493"]},"author_link":["5455"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1978-09-14","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"2","bibliographicPageEnd":"270","bibliographicPageStart":"159","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"3","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Six members of NME, led by N. Ishige, conducted ethnological\nresearch jointly with Patti Mura University, on the Galelan people\nof Northern Halmahera. This paper is based on data derived\nfrom that research.\nThe Galelan people speak Galela, of the North Halmaheran\nlanguage group (Non-Austronesian). Principal subsistence activities\nare shifting cultivation, extraction of wild sago and fishing.\nThis paper examines the following aspects of Galelan culture:\n1) the environment of the people and their food resources;\n2) material culture concerned with food and food processing;\n3) value system relating to diet;\n4) analysis of cooking techniques;\n5) variety of daily food and cooking methods; and\n6) a historical reconstruction of food habits (hypothesis building).\nThe Galelan classify their meals into two categories: staple\nfood and side dishes. The important staple foods are wild sago\nand bananas, together with rice, cassava and sweet potato which\nare produced by shifting cultivation. Data from 311 meals\nwere recorded and analyzed. Results show that the order of importance\nof staple foods is: banana (28.8%), rice (17.7%), cassava\n(11.7%), sweet potato (8.6%) and others (5.7%). Analysis showed\nthat taro, yam, Setaria italica Beauv. and a cultivated sub-species of\nJob's-teras (Coix l achryma-jobsis p. Mauen T. Kayama) are no longer\nimportant, but that small quantities are cultivated as remnant\ncrops.\nSeventy-two percent of side-dishes consist of fish, whereas\nothers are plants (cultivated or wild), chicken, deer and wild pig;\nthe last two obtained through hunting. Domestic animals raised include goats, cattle, chickens, ducks and dogs. Goats, ducks and\ncattle are recent introductions. Few pigs are raised owing to the\nlargely Muslim population.\nThe following hypothesis of the stages of agricultural development\nin Halmahera is advanced : the Togutil tribe belonging to the\nNorth Halmaheran language group, and which inhabits Northern\nand Central Halmahera, are now farmers, but were formerly nomads.\nAssuming that there was a pre-agricultural stage in\nHalmahera, it might have been like the Togutil who depend on\nwild sago and hunting, also possibly utilizing wild banana.\nThe earliest stage of agriculture was probably root crop and\nbanana cultivation, but taro and yam seem never to have played\nan important role as cultigens. More than 60 distinct clones of\ndomesticated banana are used at present by Galelan society, whereas\nonly 4 forma of taro and 6 of yam are known. The basic form of\nsubsistence, which continues to the present, might have been formulated\nin this earliest agricultural stage. In the next stage, Job'stears\nand Setaria italica were introduced. Neither remains important,\nexcept on ceremonial occasions. In the third stage upland\nrice was introduced, and quickly replaced millet.\nThe Halmahera islands are located on the southeastern border\nof rice and millet cultivation. Millet and rice agriculture had\nprobably been introduced by the 16th century. Following that\nstage, New World cultigens such as cassava and sweet potato were introduced, and replaced taros and yams.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004583","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"石毛, 直道"},{"creatorName":"イシゲ, ナオミチ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Ishige, Naomichi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_003_2_002.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"16.8 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_003_2_002.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4591/files/KH_003_2_002.pdf"},"version_id":"6c5c1cd3-7072-42b9-8307-b5727b28bca9"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"ハルマヘラ島，Galela族の食生活","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"ハルマヘラ島，Galela族の食生活"},{"subitem_title":"Food Habits of the Galelan, Halmahera","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["493"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4591","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["ハルマヘラ島，Galela族の食生活"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:24:20.804067+00:00"}