@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004538,
 author = {増田, 昭三 and Masuda, Shozo},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {One of the remarkable characteristics of Central Andean culture
is the way in which diverse ecological zones are controlled
vertically by various social groups, thus leading to the formation of
effective interregional mechanisms of social and political control.
This concept of "vertical control" has been discussed by ethnologists
and historians since it was first advanced by John V. Murra.
Vertical control implies not only the maximum utilization of
different ecological zones by agrarian producers, but also barter and
trade among regions. In the Central Andes pastoralists apparently
played a major role in the latter aspect. An ethnological investigation
conducted by the author in 1978 revealed that the traditional
way of bartering among pastoralists and peasants is still practiced
in some parts of Southern Peru, despite the recent penetration of
the market economy into the region.
However, more significant in terms of interregional contact is
the activities of the highlanders of Arequipa, Puno, Ayacucho and
similar places, in the coastal areas of Southern Peru. Those highland
people, mostly with agricultural backgrounds, descend en
masse from their homelands during certain times of the year to work
as day laborers in such rice-producing regions as Ocoria, Camana-
Majes, Quilca, as well as to engage in macha and camaron hunting.
The bulk of aquatic products are transported to the large cities, but
some are dried and taken to highland villages by merchants and
pastoralists.
Particularly interesting is the collection of a seaweed (known
locally cochayuyob) y those highlanders who seasonally come down
to the coast. From Lomas of Ica Department to Atico and beyond,
temporary settlements of the cochayuyeroasp pear each year between
August and December. The seaweed is dried and sold to
merchants or bartered with jerked meat of llamas which pastoralists
bring, and is circulated quite extensively throughout the highland.
It is significant that what is called cochayuyoin the south is of the
genus Porphyra, whereas in the north is of the genus Gigartina.
Another kind of cochayuyois obtained from freshwater. It has
several local names, such as cushuroa nd murmunta,a nd is also favored
by the highlanders.
There is a recent and growing interest among archaeologists
in the "maritime foundation of Andean civilization". But the
importance of maritime products must be emphasized also in the
context of contemporary ethnography. Clearly, marine activity
can be regarded as one of the important items of "vertical control"
practiced by the highland people of the Central Andes.},
 pages = {1--43},
 title = {ペルー南部における海岸と高地の交流},
 volume = {5},
 year = {1980},
 yomi = {マスダ, ショウゾウ}
}