@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004523,
 author = {小川, 了 and Ogawa, Ryo},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Traditionally the Ful6e were a pastoral people of the Sahelian
Region of West Africa. The so-called pure Ful6e (Bororo) remain
as nomadic pastoralists in Niger and Chad, but most other Ful6e
groups now practice rainy season agriculture in addition to their
traditional cow-centered pastoralism. The economic activities of
the Jenngel6e, for example, a Ful6e group living in Jolof, Senegal,
focus principally on pastoralism, but they also cultivate small millet
and other crops during the short rainy season. In the dry season,
which lasts for almost eight months, many of Jenngelbe travel with
their herds in search of forage and water.
Recently Ruddle [1979] surveyed the present situation of
dryland pastoral economies, indicating some of the problems of
pastoralism, and suggesting various management solutions to
preserve and enhance traditional pastoral nomadism as a viable
adaptive strategy. My study, partly suggested by Ruddle's paper,
attempts to analyze some of the problems which arise in the traditional
pastoral life of the Jenngel6e.
Climatically, the Jolof of Senegal is in the Sahelian Region.
It receives a scant and sparsely distributed rainfall of 400-500 mm/
year. Since the beginning of this century, the Wolof people, who
are agriculturalists, settled heavily in this region. The Jenngel6e
were slowly "Wolofisized"; most of them abandoned their traditional
style of simple house-building and adopted the Wolof
housestyle, and began small-scale cultivation of small millets for
subsistence purposes.
The Wolof people, who do not herd cattle, cultivate large
fields which they relocate or enlarge constantly, since the fields are
not fertilized by cattle droppings. Their fields are, therefore, not
enclosed.
The Jenngel6e, on the other hand, have many cattle and
enclose their fields to protect them from the animals. In addition,
their fields are small and do not need constant relocation because
they are fertilized with cattle droppings. Therein lies a conflict
between the pastoralists and the agriculturalists. Moreover, enlarging
the cultivated area diminishes the available pastures.
In the dry season, most Jenngel6e move with their livestock.
For some this is short distance transhumance in the Jolof Region.
Others move to the large urban centers in the Sine-Saloum Region,
such as Kaolack, about 200 km from Jolof. Yet other people
relocate with their herds to the small towns and villages of the Baol
Region.
My field research showed that the people who move to the
Baol Region have retained a complementary relationship with the
Wolof, as manifested in the exchange of pastoral products such as
milk and cattle dung for agricultural products and water. Those
who practice transhumance in the Jolof or who go to Kaolack no
longer expect to maintain this relationship.
In this paper, I have attempted to show the ecological condition
of the Jolof, have considered the reasons for the agriculturalists'
increasing settlement in Jolof, and have described the impact of
monetization on the pastoral mode of life.},
 pages = {667--711},
 title = {フルベ族の牧畜と農耕をめぐる諸問題 : ジェンゲルベ・グループの生業に関する民族誌的研究},
 volume = {5},
 year = {1981},
 yomi = {オガワ, リョウ}
}