@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004491,
 author = {Zhou, Dasheng [Chou, Ta-sheng] and シュウ, ダ・シェン and Shu, Tassei and シュウ, タッセイ},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This paper reports on a study of the culture of the Hakkas,
based on the surveys made in Mei Prefectural District (Guangdong
[Kwangtung] Province) in 1979 and 1980, and in Longyan District
(Fujian [Fukien] Province) in 1980.
The Hakka (lit. "the Guest Family") people began migrating
southwards from the Central Plains (i.e., the middle and lower
reaches of the Huanghe or Yellow River) at approximately the time
of the disruptions and great migrations, starting in the Three Kingdoms
era (220-280 A.D.), continuing through the Jin [Chin]
Dynasty (265-420 A.D.) and ending in the Northern and Southern
Dynasties (420-589 A.D.). After several group migrations the
Hakkas arrived in their present-day main areas of residence, in
southern Jiangxi [Kiangsi] Province, northeastern Guangdong
Province, and western Fujian Province. Smaller groups of Hakka
reside in other districts of Guangdong Province, Guangxi [Kwangsi],
Zhuang [Chuang] Autonomous Region, Sichuan [Szechwan]
Province, and Taiwan Province, among other areas.
My fieldwork on Hakka culture, together with the research of
other scholars, in addition to demonstrating that the forms of pronunciation
of the language spoken in the ancient Central Plains are
still used in the present-day Hakka language, also revealed that,
for example, some characteristics of the Northern culture are continued
in the structure of the traditional Hakka house, and that besides
their strong preference for rice, the "Mountain Songs" of the Hakkas
have been influenced by the Southern culture of the districts into
which they migrated.
The mixture of Northern and Southern Chinese cultural elements
is a characteristic feature of Hakka culture. However, the
cultural elements shared between the Hakkas and the Han exceed
those peculiar to the Hakka alone, thus permitting the conclusion
that Hakka culture is just one of many local cultures which compose
the Han culture. There are few cultural characteristics that can
be used to distinguish the Hakkas as a nationality independent of
the Han.
NOTES :
1. Chinese proper nouns are Romanized according to the
Pinyin system.
2. Romanization in the Wade system is given in brackets.},
 pages = {58--138},
 title = {客家文化考 : 衣・食・住・山歌を中心に},
 volume = {7},
 year = {1982},
 yomi = {周, 達生}
}