@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004455,
 author = {大塚, 和夫 and Ohtsuka, Kazuo},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {It is well-known that a paternal parallel cousin (FBD) is
the most preferable wife, and indeed marriage with her in
particular, or kin group endogamy in general, occurs often among
various Middle Eastern societies. Many social anthropologists
studying in this area have been interested in this curious custom
and have analyzed it from several points of view.
In this paper, I first present an example of kin group endogamy
in a village of Lower Egypt where I carried out extensive
field research during 1981-82. Nearly half of the total marriages
in this group could be defined as a marriage with a classificatory
bint amm (FBD).
I then discuss a peculiar mode of social categories used in
Lower Egypt. Though the dila kin group seems to be a patrilineal
descent group according to the method of recruitment,
people are hardly concerned about distinguishing between
agnates and maternal kin in their daily conversations. Instead,
they always refer to a qarib (relative), a social category strictly
differentiated from the other categories such as gar (neighbor),
s0ab (friend), zamil (colleague) and gharib (stranger). Since
among most societies characterized by patrilineal descent
groups, aganates and maternal kin have two different social
roles that are never confused in social life, this strange mode of
social categorization is perplexing.
Following Barth's argument, I propose as a tentative explanation
that such a peculiar typification of the social world
would be logically suitable for a society which has a custom of
kin group endogamy. Its practice could result in the complication
of kinship and alliance relations within. the group itself
and it could be that one is an agnate, a maternal kin and an
affine to the peculiar person at the same time. It is therefore
difficult and meaningless in ordinarily life to distinguish between
a kin from the father's side and that of mother's, both of whom
belong to one kin group. They are qaribs who are expected to
render mutual assistance on some crucial occasions.
Persons belonging to the qarib social category are internally
divided into sub-categories represented as kinship terms. It
is said that these sub-categories are ordered according to the
degree of closeness to particular person. Thus, an amm (FB)
is closer than a khal (MB), who is in turn closer than a nasib
(WF or WB) to ego. But it sometimes occured that a man
takes a distant relative for a closer one by using a fictive kinship
term.
In conclusion, I believe that the word "qarib", the meaning
of which is originally "close" or "near", is important for
understanding social relationships and group formation in
Lower Egypt. It is noteworthy that Eickelman has paid
attention to the Moroccan term "qaraba", which is derived
from the same Arabic root (Q-R-B) as qarib, as a key concept
for studying Moroccan. social structure.},
 pages = {563--586},
 title = {下エジプトの親族集団内婚と社会的カテゴリーをめぐる覚書},
 volume = {8},
 year = {1983},
 yomi = {オオツカ, カズオ}
}