{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:18.093798+00:00","id":4454,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"8fd31675-7ac3-4698-86c3-d5e0dd527f89"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4454","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4454"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004454","sets":["345:472"]},"author_link":["2664"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1983-12-19","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"561","bibliographicPageStart":"531","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"8","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The problem of social tolerance toward marginal people,\nthe poor and the socially handicapped, has been discussed\nsomewhat in connection with the concept of \"honour and shame\"\nby social anthropologists [CARD BAROJA 1966; PITT-RIVERS\n1966]. Later the discussion went far in another direction with\nemphasis on the politics of sex [PITT-RIVERS 1977]. Social\ntolerance, however, is to be discussed in the light of centrality\nversus marginality, and the rich versus the poor sector of the\npopulation. With this in mind, I deal with the populace's logic\nof exclusion and inclusion of the people around them, and their\nethos and wisdom as expressed in verbal communication.\nIn a town in southern Extremadura, the categorization of\npeople is as follows. First, there are two categories of \"outsiders\".\nMoorish women from Ceuta, who work as prostitutes on the\noutskirts of the town, are branded as defiled in contrast to the\n\"sacredness\" of the town's housewives. Another category of\noutsiders is Gypsies: Gypsies who in a group used to visit this\ntown to participate in its livestock fairs, and resident Gypsies\nwho have to share life with the townsfolk. The Gypsies of the\nfirst type were accepted amicably for two reasons : the Gypsy\nanimal brokers (horse, mule, and donkey) called corredores or\ntratantes, were indispensable to the livestock fairs, and they were\n\"strangers\" who attracted the people of the town with entertain -\nments such as a circus and a little theater. The Gypsies of this\ntype ceased to come to town around 1970, when the corredores\nwere replaced by professional, big-scale animal merchants. Even\ntoday some Gypsies come to the fairs, but they are a few in\nnumber and have only few contacts with the town. Besides these\nGypsies, some traveling vendors of cloth and embroidery come\nfrom nearby towns and Canary Islands to visit the town. But they\nhave only temporary contacts with the people.. Today floating\nGypsy beggars tend to be rejected by the people who are beginning\nto lose their traditional tolerance toward the visiting Gypsies.\nResident Gypsies are divided into two types : rich Gypsies\n(gitanos senoritos) and poor ones. The former took advantage of\nthis town as the regional center, where a great number of bars\nflourish, and they have become successful in this business. The\npoor Gypsies can find no other livelihood than the lower class\njobs, as do the lower sector of the town's populace, though\nsome Gypsies use their musical talents or their ability to sell cloth\nand embroidery. Both the rich and poor Gypsies are residents\nof the town, but they never intermarry with the non-Gypsy\nresidents. And the Gypsies, though living long in the town,\nremain \"internal others\" to the non-Gypsy population.\nThe townsfolk themselves can be divided according to social\nstratification : 1. don (title of respect) class who are descendants\nof titled people (la genie del titulo) and landowners (terratenientes);\n2. respected class of lawyers and medical doctors;\n3. local merchants class whose commerce depends on the\nconsumption of the populace; 4. new rich who accumulated\nwealth after 1960 in response to the so-called miraculous\neconomic development of Spain; and 5. populace ranging from\na lower class to a sector inclined toward a middle class way of\nlife. I observed this town mainly through the eyes of the\npopulace in general.\nThe reaction of the populace to beggars has changed from\ntime to time. Until around the time of the Civil War, begging\nwas socially accepted under the pressure of the Catholic teachings.\nBut after the Second Vatican Council (1962-65), which initiated\nthe liberal policy of the Church, people became free from Church\nconstraints and became less tolerant toward beggars, who are\nnow a few in number.\nLottery and coupon vending, either by Gypsies or non-\nGypsies, is a job open mainly to the handicapped. Their life\nrevolves around the populace who compose the majority of\nthe buyers, in which are included also some of the rich. As\npeople say that \"Playing much is vicious, but no playing at all\nis foolish (Jugar muchoe s viciosop, e roj u gar nada es t onto.)\", a majority\nof the townsfolk are involved in buying dreams such as the lottery,\ncoupons, rifa (a private lottery for small prizes), and quiniela\n(a kind of football pool). Among the various ways of vending\nlottery, that known as participation, in which one lottery is shared\nby a group of buyers, suits well the majority who try to invest\na small amount on a range of possibilities. This is why some\nvendors unauthorized by the government make and sell illegal\nparticipation to reap hidden profits. When somebody buys\na participation, either legal or illegal, he is expected to tip the\nvendor. Again, when a buyer wins he must give some portion\nto the vendor. In a due course, from the day of purchase to the\nday when the winners are announced, close human relationships\ncontinue between the buyer who aspires to a win, and the vendor\nwho tries to treat the buyer with witty conversation. The same\nis true of the relationship between the buyer and vendor of\ncoupons, although the price of a coupon is much less and the\nwinners are announced every evening. What is most striking to\nthe observer of this business is that the two persons involved, the\nbuyer and the vendor, interact superbly, manipulating their\nmagical ability to converse.\nAs is typical in conversations between the buyer and vendor\nof lottery and coupons, the populace, especially of the \"vulgar\"\ncategory (la genie vulgar), have the picaresque atmosphere (called\npicardia by the townsfolk) and wisdom of life, both of which are\nwell represented in their verbal communication, examples of\nwhich are given in the final chapter of this article.\nAfter the economic development of Spain in 1950-60,\nand then under the forces of freedom since the death of Franco\nin 1975, the world of the populace has changed much, even in\nthe provincial towns of southern Extremadura. Time is needed\nto understand in which direction the vitality of the populace will\ngo in the future.\nContents of the article are:\nIntroduction\n1. Categories of the people—center and margins, rich and poor\n1) Moorish women from Ceuta\n2) Gypsies\n(1) Gypsies from outside\n(2) Gypsies as internal others\n3) Townsfolk and the populace\n2. The socially handicapped and the reactions of the populace\n1) Beggars\n2) Lottery and coupon vendors\n3. Ethos and wisdom of the populace as expressed in verbal\ncommunication\n1) Titles of honor, pronouns, nicknames, and diminutives\n2) Exaggeration\n3) Rich terms for criticism\n4) Metaphors of plants and animals\n5) Blasphemy, sexual expression\n6) Old-fashioned expression, concrete ways of expression\n7) Maxims\nPerspectives on the world of the populace","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004446","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"黒田, 悦子"},{"creatorName":"クロダ, エツコ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Kuroda , Etsuko","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"2664","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"},{"nameIdentifier":"1000060110079 ","nameIdentifierScheme":"CiNii ID","nameIdentifierURI":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/nrid/1000060110079 "},{"nameIdentifier":"60110079 ","nameIdentifierScheme":"NRID","nameIdentifierURI":" "},{"nameIdentifier":"60110079 ","nameIdentifierScheme":"e-Rad","nameIdentifierURI":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/search/?qm=60110079 "}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_008_3_001.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.9 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_008_3_001.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4454/files/KH_008_3_001.pdf"},"version_id":"c2050a99-04aa-433b-8f37-f5cf525d201a"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"庶民生活の論理と表現 : スペイン，南部エストレマドゥーラの町の例から","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"庶民生活の論理と表現 : スペイン，南部エストレマドゥーラの町の例から"},{"subitem_title":"The Logic and Expression of the Populace : From a Town in Southern Extremadura, Spain","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["472"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4454","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["庶民生活の論理と表現 : スペイン，南部エストレマドゥーラの町の例から"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:26:17.327384+00:00"}