@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004446,
 author = {吉田, 集而 and Yoshida, Shuji},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This is the last paper of a series in which I have set forth a new
universal person deictic system and synchronic typology of person
category in deixis. This final paper advances an hypothesis of the
evolution of types of person category in deixis.
The hypothesis is shown diagrammatically in Figure 2, where simple
types develop to complex ones. Although somewhat complicated,
only two kinds of process are shown. One is the development of
number, progressing from undifferentiated number to a distinction
of singular and plural (pluralization), the addition of dual and then
the addition of triadic (2ND→4ND→6ND, 2ND/3D→(4Dns)/ (5Ds)→
5Dns→8Dns→11Dns, and 3D→(5Ds)→6Ds→9Ds). The other is
the interchanges of type series, from Non-Dialoquent person series to
Dialoquent person series (4ND→5Dns), from Non-Singularity
Dailoquent person series to Singularity Dialoquent person series
(5Dns→6Ds), and vice versa (6Ds→8Dns).
The mechanism and prime mover of the development are
discussed. Two main movers are recognized in the domain of person
deictics, the lack of Loquent person (1st person exclusive) plural
in the stage of primary pluralization of person deictic system, and
the polysemy of Dialoquent person (1st person inclusive) in number.
The latter is seen in "precursor types," such as 4Dns and 5Ds. When
the 2D type is pluralized, the plural form of Loquent person tends to
mean "speaker and hearer," i.e., Dialoquent person appears (4Dns
precursor type is formed), because the real plural of the speaker does
not exist in the same sense as the plural of the hearer. However,
Loquent person plural emerges with the existence of a shared
common semantic component between a speaker and absent persons,
and which does not also include the hearer. At that time, 5Dns
type is formed if the new form of Loquent person plural has appeared.
The 4ND type is formed and the Dialoquent person category is ignored
if a Dialoquent person plural is also used as Loquent person plural.
The other mover is the polysemy of Dialoquent person. The simplest
Dialoquent person consists of speaker and hearer. When the one set
of these person is focused, Dialoquent person is identified as singular,
as seen in the Philippines; when the two actual persons are focused, it
is identified as dual, as seen among some Australian languages; and
when the non-singular of these person is focused, it is identified as
plural, as seen among Hesperonesian languages.
These movers are not concerned with human physiology, as occurs
in the evolution of Basic Color Terms [BERLIN & KAY 1969],
zoological factors as in the spatial cognition in the demonstratives
[YOSHIDA 1980], nor in ecological circumstances. The mechanism
and movers are independent of these phenomena, since they are
originally built into the cognition of the person deictic system. This
means that the evolution of types of the person category in deixis
can be shown as an integral part of the development of human
cognition.
[Key words: cognitive anthropology, evolution, typology and
deixis]},
 pages = {59--132},
 title = {会話場面における人の概念の類型論（III) : 類型の発達とその機構},
 volume = {9},
 year = {1984},
 yomi = {ヨシダ, シュウジ}
}