{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:17.522102+00:00","id":4438,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"3658acf7-cb7b-43e9-b056-c9af796545bf"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4438","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4438"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004438","sets":["345:469"]},"author_link":["38"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1984-08-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"2","bibliographicPageEnd":"348","bibliographicPageStart":"197","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"9","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Satawal island lies 1,000 km east of Yap and 500 km west of\nTruk. It is a raised coral island surrounded by a fringing reef that\naverages 50 m in width. In 1980 492 people lived on Satawal, in\n86 household groups.\nThe important kin group and unit of land holding in Satawalese\nsociety is the matrilineal lineage or clan (yayinang). As postmarital\nresidence is uxorilocal, the residential group is the matrilocal extended\nfamily; several women (sisters), their daughters and their daughters'\ndaughters with in-marrying husbands, unmarried sons and adopted\nchildren. Family members live in adjacent houses built on their\nlineage land and comprise a corporate group. This coresidential\ngroup is called pwukos (homestead). There are fifteen homesteads,\nthe largest of which contains 12 households and 72 members [SUDO\n1979].\nSatawalese society is composed of eight matri-clans, which are\nstrictly exogamous, ranked and have names. All clans are ranked\nbased on the sequence of their arrival on the island. The three\nhighest-ranking clans are thought of as the \"original\" clans, and are\nknown as the \"clans of chief.\" The other five are considered as the\nlater immigrants and called the \"clans of commoners.\" The eldest\nman of the senior line in the clans takes the status of clan chief.\nThey control the clan lands and allocate lineage members plots of\nland.\nThe heads of the three chiefly clans have authority to organize\nand initiate island or inter-island activities. They discuss and\ndecide the important affairs of the island, such as communal fishing,\nocean-going expeditions by sailing canoe, and sanctions to be imposed\non a person. They have the right to call meetings and convey\ndecisions to the islanders. They are also responsibile for controlling\nfood resources. For example, they may place a taboo on the use of\ntaro patches, coconut palms or a particular sea areas in times of\nscarcity.\nIn this paper I attempt to clarify the nature of the relationship\nbetween social group and rights to real property; land. For this\npurpose it is necessary to answer the following questions. What\naspects of the natural environment are categorized as real property?\nWhat kind of social unit is formed as the basis for land tenure? And\nhow may a person or a descent group acquire, uphold and alienate\nseveral rights to land? [LUNDSGAARDE 1974: 286]. Therefore I\nconsider land tenure as the way in which people obtain, use and\ndistribute rights to land [CROCOMBE 1968: 1].\nThere are primarily 3 types of land (fanu) use on Satawal,\npwukos (homestead), pwunik (coconut land) and pween (taro patches).\npwukos is where coral pebbles are spread over the land and several\ndwelling houses and cooking huts are built. Pwunek is cleared lands\nmainly planted with coconuts (Cocos nucifera) and breadfruit trees\n(Artocarpus altilis). Pween is inland swamps planted to taro\n(Cyrtosperma chamissonis and Colocasia esculenta).\nThe interior land holding of each matri-lineage (pwukos) fall\nroughly into 2 categories, rapinufanu (original or stem lands) and\nfaangetofanu (incoming or given lands). Original lands are those\nwhich always have been held with the pwukos or lineage. Of the\n322 land holdings sampled, 151 (46%) are considered \"original\npwukos lands.\" The remaining 54%, incoming lands, have changed\nhands for a variety of reasons, many having passed from pwukos to\npwukos in a sequence of three or four transactions during the past\n80 years. The main occasion for these transactions is either a\nmarriage, child birth, or adoption of an infant.\nAt marriage the lineage of the husband will give a plot of taro\npatch or coconut garden to the wife. These plots are called\nfaangetofanu, (lit. \"given land\") and serve not only to ratify the\nmarriage but also to provide mwongonumwaanireto (foods for in-marrying\nman: husband) and the woman's offspring. When a child\nis born the husband's lineage again gives some plots of land or several\nbreadfruit trees to their child. Those properties given by the father's\nlineage are considered as mwongonuyafakur (food resources for the\nchildren of a lineage's male member) and held jointly by the children,\nand are distinguished from the properties of their own (mother's)\nlineage. They may decide to give them to another lineage, to which\nthey marry out, by themselves. Thus in the Satawalese society, the\nsmallest unit of land holding is a sibling set of a couple.\nThe sibling set is obliged to occasionally contribute gifts of foods\nto the father's lineage when its members become sick or die, and to\nhelp for constructing the canoe and canoe house of father's lineage.\nThe father's lineage holds potential rights to regain those properties\nwhen its male member's offsprings do not fulfil their duties forward\nit, or fail to care for these lands. The father's lineage has the residual\nright to \"given lands\" and its male member's children (yafaktur) have\nthe right to use and dispose of them.\nOn the other hand \"original lands\" (rapinufanu) of each lineage\nare owned by lineage members, and administered by the male head\n(somwoon) of lineage. Therefore, all lineage members may have\nthe right to use these lands freely. However, male members of each\nlineage marry out and live in their wive's lineage land (pwukos).\nIn everyday life they do not directly use their lineage's original lands.\nInstead the in-marrying men (their sister's or daughter's husbands)\nmay use those lands to provide food to feed their sisters and their\nchildren. Lineage male members decide whether or not in-marrying\nmen maintain those lands properly. After all they have the right to\ncontrol their lineage's original lands. The in-marrying men have\nonly use rights to them.\nLastly the highest-ranking chief has the right to oversee the food\nresources of the island (mwongonu fanu). As mentioned above, he\nmay regulate the use of taro patches and coconut palms in times of\nscarcity, especially when breadfruit is scarce, from November to\nMarch. Violators are punished by the chief. People are obliged to\ngive the first breadfruit (mmanimaay) to the highest ranking chief.\nThis custom is considered as token payment to the lineage of the\nfirst occupants on this island.\nTo summarize, the land tenure system on Satawal is comprised\nof bundles of rights and duties to real property. The extreme right to\noversee the island food resources is held by the highest-ranking chief.\nThis I denote as the right of sovereignty. I classified the rights that\narise in relation to real property into 4 types, the right to own, the\nright to control, the right to use, and the residual right. These rights\nare connected with the unit of land holding and the category of lands.\nEach lineage owns its original lineage lands (rapinufanu) and holds\nprovisionally given land (faangetofanu). Lineage members are co-\nowners of the original lineage lands and have the right to use and\ndispose of them. After they give a plot of these lands to another\nlineage, out of which its male members married, they still keep the\nresidual right to confiscate them. They also have the right to control\ntheir lineage's original lands. In-marrying male members may use\ntheir wive's original lineage lands. And the rights to given lands\nare held by a sibling set of same father. The members of a sibling\nset may use and dispose of the lands given from father's lineage. This\nuse right accompanying the right to dispose is inherited patrilineally\nfrom lineage to lineage. A lineage's original lands serve to support\nthe elementary lineage member's food resources and given lands serve\nto keep the balance between a lineage population and its food resources.\nThe fieldwork on which this paper is based was conducted from June\nto September, 1978 and from May, 1979 to March, 1980.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004430","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"須藤, 健一"},{"creatorName":"スドウ, ケンイチ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Sudo, Ken'ichi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_009_2_001.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"11.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_009_2_001.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4438/files/KH_009_2_001.pdf"},"version_id":"1c0ac69d-3532-4c02-bd49-6de558d45ed5"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"サンゴ礁の島における土地保有と資源利用の体系 : ミクロネシア，サタワル島の事例分析","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"サンゴ礁の島における土地保有と資源利用の体系 : ミクロネシア，サタワル島の事例分析"},{"subitem_title":"Systems of Land Tenure and Resource Management on Satawal Island, Micronesia","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["469"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4438","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["サンゴ礁の島における土地保有と資源利用の体系 : ミクロネシア，サタワル島の事例分析"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T18:07:12.274328+00:00"}