{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:17.390482+00:00","id":4434,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"779a2730-1313-41cc-bd79-5715cefccfc3"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4434","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4434"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004434","sets":["345:468"]},"author_link":["5565"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1984-12-25","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"607","bibliographicPageStart":"593","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"9","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This paper aims at summarizing and explaining from a\nfunctional point of view the purposes of writing, or the use of\na writing system, in contrast with of speaking. Here writing is\npresupposed 1) to replace speaking, which is the primary form\nof linguistic performance; and 2) to be thus secondary to speaking.\nFirst, the most important characteristic of writing, i.e.\npreservability, is discussed in contrast with the ephemerality of\nspeaking. Then, the- removable, remote, and delaying nature\nof writing is deduced from preservability as its corollaries, and\nis further contrasted with speaking.\nSecondly, functions essential to writing are pointed out\nand discussed with reference to actual writing performance.\nThe central functions, namely mnemonic and remote mediating\nfunctions, are delimited first, then the peripheral ones, such as\ndifferentiating, ordering, expressive and ritual function, are\ndiscussed. The mnemonic and remote mediating functions are\nderived, respectively, from the preservable and remote nature of\nwriting. The differentiating function is then to mark a particular\nindividual from among similar ones, which could be performed\nalso by signs or mere marks, other than by writing systems.\nBut, for this purpose, the use of writing is by far more economical\nthan any other means. Ordering is realized normally and par\nexcellance by cardinal numbers, but is also possible and probable\nby any ordered system of writing, such as alphabet systems,\nJapanese kana syllabaries, and the like. Expressive (in a sociological\nsense) function of using one and the same writing system\nis especially obvious in a community, for instance the Minangkabau\ncommunity in West Sumatra at the beginning of this\ncentury, where two or more different value systems are in daily\ncontact with each other. In an illiterate community, however,\nliteracy itself might bring expressive effect to the literate sector\nof the community. The ritual or sometimes esoteric function\nof writing is a very marginal phenomenon that, in its perfect\nform, is observed only in an illiterate community where only\na few members or visitors are, marginally or fully, literate. Such\nwas the case with some Melanesian communities at the beginning\nof this century, when Christian missionaries started their activities.\nFinally, various types and instances of writing are quoted\nand discussed to illustrate the efficacy of the framework set up\nin this paper. Instances are categorized into memoranda,\nletters, notices (or unilateral communication), literary works,\ncalligraphy and amulets.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004426","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"柴田, 紀男"},{"creatorName":"シバタ, ノリオ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Shibata, Norio","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_009_3_005.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"968.2 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_009_3_005.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4434/files/KH_009_3_005.pdf"},"version_id":"dc2ea3e3-52d1-4291-b38f-06d76ab17972"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"文字使用の目的","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"文字使用の目的"},{"subitem_title":"The Functions of Writing","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["468"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4434","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["文字使用の目的"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:25:53.834057+00:00"}