@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004426,
 author = {安田, 喜憲 and Yasuda, Yoshinori},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The Japanese archipelago is surrounded by the sea. This
geographical factor by definition, greatly influences on the biological
and physical environments and man's daily activities.
But such marine conditions as surface temperature, salinity and
currents have been subjected to change as the consequence of sea
level fluctuations during the alternations of Glacial and Interglacial
stages. This article attempts to clarify the relationships between
those marine changes and the evolution of Japanese civilization
and biological and physical environments since 50,000
years BP.
An eco-historical study of the man and sea relationships explains
the following characteristic historical "turnabouts" :
Ca. 33,000 years BP. Before 33,000 years BP, the climate
was cool and moist, with the increasingly elevated winter precipitation.
Owing to heavy snowfall, glaciers developed in the high
mountains. After 33,000 years BP the climate became cold and
dry. The maximum cold epoch lasted from 21,000 to 18,000
years BP, and a dry climate prevailed. Snowfall on the Sea of
Japan coast decreased to more than one-third of present precipitation.
That decrease of winter precipitation was caused by a
fall in sea level that weakened and sometimes interrupted the
entrance of the warm Tsushima Current which promoted a heavy
snowfall. In archaeological terms, the characteristic turnabout
in the composition of stone implements occurred around
33,000 years BP. Before that time, choppers, chopping tools and
handaxes were dominant elements of the stone implements, where-
as after 33,000 years BP a new blade technique appeared. I
suppose that this characteristic change of stone implements
around 33,000 years BP was closely related with the environmental
transition from an oceanic to a continental climate.
Ca. 12,000 years BP. That was an opening epoch for the
oceanic climate in Japan, during which the indication of increasing
snowfall emerge. This climatic amelioration was caused by
the beginning of entrance of the warm Tsushima Current into
the Sea of Japan. But at that time the rise of sea-level was not
enough to permit a full-scale entrance of the Tsushima Current
that occured about 8,500 years BP. Corresponding with this
start of the oceanic climate, around 12,000 years BP, the oldest
earthernware appeared in southwestern Japan. It is noteworthy
that the invention of this oldest earthernware coincides with the
opening period of the oceanic climate. I conclude that the invention
of earthernware in Japan arose when man's daily activities
depended on the products of temperate broad-leaved forest which
were suited to the oceanic climate.
Ca. 2,500 years BP. The Jomon culture flourished under the
warm climatic condition that lasted from 8,500 to 4,500 years
BP. But after this warm epoch, the climate became cool and
moist. Especially at about 2,500 years BP, there occurred one
of the peaks of this late post-glacial climatic deterioration. One
of the characteristic phenomena was that, the agricultural activity
started in the midst of this climatic deterioration. The incidence
of archaeological evidences of buckwheat cultivation by the
Latest Jomon man increases after this climatic change. I suppose
that this climatic deterioration in late postglacial time caused a
southward migration of the human beings. People knowing the
technique of buckwheat cultivation probably migrated southward,
especially from the Manchuria, and arrived at the Japanese
archipelago by passing through the Sea of Japan.},
 pages = {761--798},
 title = {環日本海文化の変遷 : 花粉分析学の視点から},
 volume = {9},
 year = {1985},
 yomi = {ヤスダ, ヨシノリ}
}