@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004417,
 author = {藤井, 龍彦 and Fujii, Tatsuhiko and 友枝, 啓泰 and Tomoeda, Hiroyasu},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {The importance of economic linkages or complementarities
between agriculturalists and pastoralists in the highlands of the
Central Andes have been pointed out by various scholars [e.g.,
FLORES 1968; MAYER 1971; CUSTRED 1974; CONCHAC ONTRERAS
1975; CASAVERDE 1977; INAMURA 1982]. Also, some social
relations, such as compadrazgo, padrinazgo, "acquaintanceship",
and "mutual moral obligations" are established through these
economic relations. Despite all these relations, the marriage
relations between them are "rare". But the problem is the
standard of "rarity". There are qualitative or impressionistic
studies of "rarity" but no quantitative studies. The main
object of this article is whether they intermarry and, if so, at what
rate. For this study we selected the relatively confined area of
Pampamarca Parish, Apurimac, South Central Peru.
Pampamarca Parish is on the upper Chalhuanca River,
which is characterised by three ecological zones; puna (4,500-
4,000 m), suni (4,000-3,500 m), and upper quechua (3,500-
3,000 m) (Map 1). The high and extensive puna zone is the
domain of pastoralists who are dispersed in four communities
(Totora, Pisquicocha, Mestizas, and Iscahuaca), while the
steep and narrow valleys are home to four agriculturalists
communities (Pampamarca, Cotaruse, Colca, and Caraybamba).
These agriculturalists cultivate mostly Andean tubers in the
suni zone and grow maize and other cereals on terraces in the
valleys. The pastoral communities are exclusively dedicated to
raising Andean domesticated camelids, alpacas and llamas,
although they also cultivate tubers on a small scale. The agriculturalists
also raise some Old World domesticated animals,
cattle and sheep, in the suni and lower parts of the puna.
The study was based on some 70 years (1903-1972) marriage
records. The total number recorded are 1,017 (Table 2-h), and
they show high rates of village endogamy among the communities
of the puna as well as those of the upper quechua. The preference
is 1) the same village, 2) communities of the same zone, 3) outside
the parish. It is clear that marriage between puna and valley
residents are the least frequent.
In some marriage records, the husband's occupation is
mentioned. Of the 316 cases where the occupation is known,
83 are pastoralists, 194 agriculturalists, and 39 of other occupations
(merchant, employee, etc.). Table 5-b shows the
origin of the 83 pastoralists, and reveals that there are also some
pastoralists in the upper quechua communities.
In Tables 3-a to 3-g, show the number of marriages according
to place of origin of the partners grouped by three zones;
puna, valley, and outside the parish. In Table 4 indicates during
a period of 70 years only 12 men of the valley married pastoralist
women, and only 10 pastoralists married women from the valley,
giving a total of 22 interzonal marriages, a small number indeed.
In sum, although because of more dates are lacking and
therefore it cannot be said with precision, it is evident that
marriages between puna and valley residents have occurred only
rarely.},
 pages = {1--42},
 title = {中央アンデスの農民と牧民の結婚 : パンパマルカ教区（アブリマク県）婚姻登録の分析},
 volume = {10},
 year = {1985},
 yomi = {フジイ, タツヒコ and トモエダ, ヒロヤス}
}