@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004397,
 author = {清水, 芳見 and Shimizu, Yoshimi},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The zar is a cult of spirit possession found in Ethiopia, Egypt, the
Sudan, Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Based on studies of geographical
distributions of the zar cult, many scholars have concluded
that it originated in one particular place. However, those proposing
a place of origin have supplied little supporting proof.
This paper examines first the hypotheses concerning the origin
of the zar cult, after comparing various aspects of the cult, such as the
concept of the zar, ritual contents, participants in the ritual, and
names of the spirits summoned. Since the cult appears alike in the
Middle Eastern, countries, it is apparent that it diffused to that region
from one particular place. However, it is difficult to trace not only
the origin of the cult itself but also that of the word zar, because there
is no clearcut evidence available.
A historical examination is then made of the diffusion routes of the
zar cult to the Middle Eastern countries. It appears to have diffused
there from Ethiopia via the slave trade during the first half of the 19th
century, since the areas to which Ethiopian slaves were exported
and those where this cult occurs are almost the same, and because
the diffusion routes could not be explained from a place other than
Ethiopia.
Using the example of Egypt, the social classes that first accepted
the zar cult are then analyzed. Ethiopian slaves were highly valued
in 19th-century Egypt. Thus it is probable that there this cult first
diffused to the upper classes, who could afford to purchase Ethiopian
slaves, and then to the other classes via freed slaves.},
 pages = {1123--1144},
 title = {中東・北東アフリカに見られる憑霊信仰ザールの伝播経路に関する一考察},
 volume = {10},
 year = {1986},
 yomi = {シミズ, ヨシミ}
}