{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:15.066949+00:00","id":4373,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"0325e5fb-3059-4620-893e-46b65b024804"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4373","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4373"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004373","sets":["345:460"]},"author_link":["11464"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1987-02-28","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"779","bibliographicPageStart":"669","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"11","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This is the first report on a field survey of traditional\ndwellings in the lower district of the Yangtze River. This\npaper describes and analyzes the spatial organization of Ming-\nQing Era dwellings, and changes in their use-patterns after the\nCommunist Revolution.\n1. TERMINOLOGY, CONCEPT, AND TYPOLOGY OF TRA-DITIONAL\nDWELLINGS\nThe standard Chinese (Beijing dialect) representation of\n\"my family's house\" is \"我 (們) 家的房子\". In this phrase,\n\"家\" means \"family\" and \"房子\" means \"house\"\n, although\n\"家\" sometimes has the meanings of both \"family\" and \"house\" .\nIn the Shanghai dialect, however, \"屋\" takes the place of \"家\".\n\"屋\" also has both the meanings of \"family\" and \"house\" .\nWhile \"家\" and \"屋\" have two meanings, \"房子\" is limited to\n\"house\" .\nThere are two basic types of dwellings in this district. One\nis the town house type, which has an open facade and is built in\nnarrow plots along the street. The other is the closed courtyardhouse\ntype, built on large plots, and which is common in both\ncity and village. An important characteristic of the latter type\nis that, while there is' a main front entrance, or gate (\"門\"),\nthere are no other openings (doors or windows) on the outside\nwall of the house. Therefore the front gate becomes a symbol\nof the house, and in this district the word \"gate\" is used to mean\n\"house\" .\nI made plans of 30 traditional dwellings during the field\nsurvey. Since there are so many variations, a classification\nsystem was designed for the plans (Fig. 2-1). According to the\nfive basic classification types (S-a, S-b, C-V, C-H, C-VH), the\nspatial organization of the dwellings is explained.\n2. TERMINOLOGY, FUNCTION, AND ORGANIZATION OF\nINTERIOR　SPACE\nThe main hall, called \"庁\" or \"堂\", is located on the frontrear\naxis of the dwellings, and is the space for guest-reception,\nbanquets, and religious rites. Usually, an ancestral tablet is\nplaced here to honor the souls of the forefathers. In farmhouses\nthis hall is also used as a workshop. The main piece of furniture\nis an elaborate table, called \"八仙卓\", or \"Table of the Eight\nImmortals\". The number eight has long been important in\nChinese tradition, and at such gatherings as marriage banquets\nfamily branches are represented by eight relatives sitting at this\ntable. The \"Table of Eight Immortals\" is a symbol of longevity\nand prosperity of the family.\nThe room called \"房間\" is located on both sides of that\nhall, and is a sleeping room for a couple, unmarried brothers,\nor unmarried sisters. This room is furnished with a large double\nbed (\"八脚床\"), seats, and storage boxes.\nThe kitchen is called \"灶間\", and is located in a corner\nbetween the main building and a front wing. In some areas\nthis room is called the \"dark room\" (\"暗闇\"), because it has no\nwindow facing the courtyard. Although 'large clay cooking\nstoves, with altars for a stove god are still used in the kitchens of\nmost farming villages, these have almost disappeared in city\nareas, because of a lack of rice straw or firewood for fuel.\nThe rooms in the front wings are called \"廂房\". Their\nfunction is not clearly defined. Depending on the situation of\neach family, they may be used as a guest room, children's room,\nstudy room, or for other purposes.\nThe courtyard, surrounded by rooms, is called \"天井\",\nwhich means \"sky-well\". Here there are many jugs for collecting\nrain water used for drinking and cooking.\n3. CHANGE IN USE-PATTERNS OF TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS\nTo research the use-patterns of dwellings before the\nCommunist Revolution, I interviewed people in their fifties,\nand had them draw a plan of their dwellings before the revolution.\nThe data gathered included the common names of each room,\nand the generation, age, sex, and the like of its occupants.\nA model plan of a dwelling and terminology was used to\nanalyze the hierarchical order of rooms according to generation\nand age of occupants (Fig. 4-1). The rules of spatial hierarchy,\nas explained by an informant, were compared with the actual\nuse-patterns in the case of dwellings.\nTwo rules emerged from an analysis of 13 dwellings: (1) the\nmain building is superior to the front wings in terms of generation\nand age of occupants; (2) rooms in the main building are in\ndescending importance the farther they are located from the\nmain hall, whereas in the front wings the rooms descend in\nimportance the farther they are from the main building. An\ninformant in Ningpo emphasized that \"left is superior to right\"\nin China, and drew a plan which showed an order of L1 >R1>\nL2>R2. However, there are about as many cases where left\nexceeded right in importance as vice versa.\nWhile the general image of the Chinese traditional family\nsystem is that of the patri-lineal extended family, this was no\nmore than an ideal in actual society, even before the revolution.\nBecause the younger generation sought independence from the\nolder generation, they often split into a branch family. The\ndwellings were divided in half, with the branch family living in\none half.\nHowever, while the dwellings were divided among family\nrelations before the revolution, the Communist government\nchanged this completely. Because of a serious lack of living\nspace, as well as for other reasons, a policy was initiated in 1952\nwhich made space in traditional dwellings available to many\nunrelated families. Since then they have become apartments,\nand the former rules of spatial hierarchy have disappeared\ncompletely. For example, the S1 dwelling is shared by 13\nnuclear families, with two rooms per family, and there is no\nhierarchical relationship among the families according to room\nposition.\n","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004365","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"浅川, 滋男"},{"creatorName":"アサカワ, シゲオ ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Asakawa, Shigeo","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_011_3_002.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"18.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_011_3_002.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4373/files/KH_011_3_002.pdf"},"version_id":"545d9c8a-9bc9-45cc-9859-0ecd335ddf21"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"住空間の民族誌 : 中国江南の伝統的住居をめぐって","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"住空間の民族誌 : 中国江南の伝統的住居をめぐって"},{"subitem_title":"The Ethnography of Dwelling Space : A Study of Traditional Dwellings in the Jiangnan District, China","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["460"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4373","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["住空間の民族誌 : 中国江南の伝統的住居をめぐって"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:27:22.134385+00:00"}