@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004361,
 author = {藤井, 龍彦 and Fujii, Tatsuhiko},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Although flourishing periodical markets in rural societies
of the Central Andes are very evident, especially in the central
and southern highlands, few studies have been conducted on them
and ethnographical data are scarce. It is possible that many
Andeanists have regarded this economic institution as not being
autochthonous, and, rather that than via markets their economic
complementarity was derived by utilization of different ecological
niches and/or through barter or trade among inhabitants of
different ecological environments.
I conducted two season's extensive field research in the
Highland of the Department of La Paz, Bolivia, one of the most
flourishing regions of periodical markets in the Central Andes
(Map 1). The first season's research was conducted in the
northern areas (Titicaca Basin and the Eastern Slope) and the
second in the Altiplano area, for total of seven months, from
July to September 1983 and from August to November 1985.
Both periods focused on the following topics:
(1) The collection of ethnographical data;
(2) The correlation between the diversity of ecological
environments and periodical markets;
(3) The economic functions of periodical markets in rural
society;
(4) The rural-urban relationships brought about by periodical
markets; and
(5) The social functions of periodical markets in rural
society.
The northwestern highland of Bolivia is divided into three
ecological sub-regions : the Altiplano, the Titicaca Basin and
the Eastern Slope. Of a total of 83 weekly markets observed
(Table 2), 24 are found in the first region, 27 in the second, and
32 in the last.
In the Altiplano local markets are generally large in scale,
and middlemen have a very important role in collecting and
transporting a large quantity of agricultural products (especially
potato and chew) to La Paz. In the small but numerous markets
of the Titicaca Basin and the Eastern Slope on the other hand,
the peasants negotiate with so called rescatistas, females who come
from small towns or villages and who make commercial transactions
by purchasing or bartering small quantities of products.
Both types of periodical markets function as a rural-urban
economic linkage through which a large part of the foodstuffs
consumed by urban populations (including La Paz) is supplied,
and via which the peasants obtain cash or manufactured goods
in exchange for local products.
Periodical markets are common and widespread throughout
the entire region investigated. This is one of the characteristics
of the regional economy in the south of the Central Andean
highlands when compared to the north. The kinds of agricultural
products and manufactured goods transacted are almost
the same throughout the entire region. It must be emphasized
that these local markets as a whole function primarily as a food
supply system to cities and towns, although they clearly function
too, in part, as an institution of ecological complementarity
within a limited region. The former function is most notable
in the Altiplano sub-region and the latter is observable in the
Titicaca sub-region, where lake fishermen, for example, complement
their livelihood through bartering in markets with agriculturalists
from the valleys.
The primary role of the market as a rural products supply
system cannot be over-emphasized in the case of the western
highland of Bolivia, in particular. But the so many and so
frequent participation of the peasants in market activities cannot
be explained just by city demand. The principles of market
economy such as anonimity, universality and supremacy of profit
aims [SHANIN 1973] are of a very different nature to the traditional
and normative way of life within a rural community. So, in
a sense, the market provides an occasion for experimenting with
innovative behavior, free from traditional and normative ways
of life.},
 pages = {49--128},
 title = {中央アンデスの定期市 : ボリビア領ラパス県高地部の事例},
 volume = {12},
 year = {1987},
 yomi = {フジイ, タツヒコ}
}