{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:14.075607+00:00","id":4345,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"329b1775-b990-4bf6-87ba-f2196bd5fca0"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4345","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4345"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004345","sets":["345:455"]},"author_link":["46"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1988-03-26","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"4","bibliographicPageEnd":"1214","bibliographicPageStart":"1181","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"12","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This paper presents an observation on developments in the\ncreation of writing systems for national minorities, as a part of\nthe Chinese policy towards its ethnic minorities.\nWhen socialist China was founded, in 1949, many ethnic\nminorities were present within its territory. These minorities,\nwho occupied over 60% of the land area, which, although mostly\nmarginal, was strategically and economically critical areas,\nremained both economically and educationally far behind the\nHan Chinese. Thus, inevitablly, China had to incorporate the\nminorities into the unified nation building plan by bringing\ntheir socio-economic levels near to those of the Han.\nTherefore it was not surprising that the Chinese government\nadopted, at a very early stage, the rather progressive policy of\nguaranteeing the minorities the right to preserve and develop\ntheir own languages and customs. But most minority peoples\nlacked a written language or writing system. Thus China soon\nput forward a strong measure based on the Soviet model, to\nformulate writing systems for minority languages.\nIn China the realization of this plan involved several phases:\n1. massive linguistic and sociolinguistic research on minority\nlanguages;\n2. selection of alphabet or writing systems (pictography or\nphonetic alphabet; Latin or Cyrilic alphabet, etc.)\n3. formulation of orthographical norms (i.e., the assignment of\nletters to sounds). This was done for every language, taking\ninto consideration the problem of a unified system with other\nlanguages and, especially, with pin-yin, which was then also\nbeing planned as a phonetic writing system for the Han\nlanguage; and\n4. preparation of a draft plan, and pedagogic and reading\nmaterials for tentative use.\nAll these aspects progressed at varying ranges under the\ninfluence of both Sino-Soviet relations and domestic Chinese\npolitical conditions. The latter has been reflected in the varying\ninterpretations of the status of nationalities in relation to socialist\nprogress of China; between total cultural autonomy at one extreme\nand assimilation or amalgamation with the Han at the\nother.\nDevelopments in the creation of the writing systems for the\nminorities as a whole, falls roughly into three distinctive periods;\n(1) (until ca. 1958) the urgent attempt to develop any one writing\nsystem for every minority language, and a later attempt to\nproduce uniform systems on rather a theoretical basis; (2) (until\nca. 1978) the period of retreat and disruption of the minority\nlanguage policy; (3) (1978 — present) the period of the revival of\nwriting system creation on a more practical basis, i.e., according\nto the conditions of the individual minorities.\nIt is not difficult to relate different political situations to\nthese periods. The present minority language policy is apparently\nbeing conducted under the favorable atmosphere of the\nrecent political liberalization movements.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004337","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"庄司, 博史"},{"creatorName":"ショウジ, ヒロシ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Shoji , Hiroshi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_012_4_004.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.6 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_012_4_004.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4345/files/KH_012_4_004.pdf"},"version_id":"4764a320-3853-4eea-8039-cf7d8b7ce3d9"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"文字創製・改革にみた中国少数民族政策","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"文字創製・改革にみた中国少数民族政策"},{"subitem_title":"The Chinese Policy in Developing Writing Systems for National Minorities","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["455"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4345","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["文字創製・改革にみた中国少数民族政策"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:27:42.024755+00:00"}