@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004330,
 author = {高谷, 紀夫 and Takatani, Michio},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {Hpaya-pwe is one style of festivals in Burma whose origins
can be found in Buddhist modes of festival-making. Though
most hpayd-pwe are pagoda festivals, in another type of hpayd-pwe
the hpayd refers to the Buddha image. One example is the
Yankin 28 Buddha images festival (Hnajei'shi'hsu-hpayd-pwe).
Yankin is a township in the suburbs of Rangoon. Development
of this area began in the 1950s, and it is essentially a
new dormitory town for the capital zone. Since the Yankin
28 Buddha images festival was held for the twenty-first time in
1986, its history is brief. The main event is a procession of 28
Buddha images on sacred palanquins.
Procession is one common and distinct form of event in
rituals. There is no doubt that the important motivation of
procession-making by Buddhists is donation (dana pyu) for
merit-making. Merit-making is a basic mode of action that
is associated with the identity of Buddhists. The processions
for merit-making take the offerings brought by laymen to the
space for the donation ceremony, where the offerings become
sacred. Thus such a procession functions as a demonstration
of donation. On the other hand, the procession of the Yankin
festival is made to display Buddhas and collect contributions.
This festival has the following features not noted hitherto:
(1) The main purpose is to be free from calamity. Though
the basic motivation is to donate for merit-making, the
festival can be explained entirely in secular terms;
(2) The Buddha images used in this festival were originally
made from the Bo tree (Nyaun-pin). The Burmans seldom
cut Bo trees, for Buddha is believed to have found enlightenment
under one, according to Buddhist literature;
(3) The center of the festival is not at any pagoda or
monastery, but at one dammayoun (hall for Buddhist
laymen);
(4) The procession is an entertainment for the participants
and the audience, and one without destination, since
the starting point (dammayoun) is the same as the goal;
(5) The main action of the procession is street performances
and the collecting of donations;
(6) Most blocks of the Yankin township have a hand in the
management of the festival, so it influences the social
ties there; and
(7) Apart from participation in the main procession, the way
each block celebrates varies. Some blocks start the festival
one week in advance of the procession, whereas
others start it only two days before. Thus the independence
of each block is maintained.
This festival is organized in the traditional manner with
respect to date, composition and costumes, but compared with
other festivals in Burma it may be more receptive to change and
the adoption of new components. Recently, some other
townships of Rangoon have started the same type of festival.
Future changes in these festivals should be monitored.},
 pages = {221--251},
 title = {祭祀と地域性 : ビルマ・ラングーン研究から},
 volume = {13},
 year = {1988},
 yomi = {タカタニ, ミチオ}
}