{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:12.886924+00:00","id":4313,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"783e9279-db61-4e01-acbe-7f593e3a2dcb"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4313","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4313"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004313","sets":["345:450"]},"author_link":["3940"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1989-07-27","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"165","bibliographicPageStart":"117","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"14","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The Kipsigis of Kenya have been using, as a tradition, decimal\nnotation. However, they hate and try to avoid counting\nnot only their members but also domestic animals, just like many\nother east African pastoral peoples. This could be the reason\nwhy they seem to have had, at first, the notion of number\nsimply consisting of just the most basic numbers from one to ten.\nThis plain notion of number is closely linked with the verb's\naspect system of the Kipsigis language, and their views of time\nand space.\nIn counting 1-5 on fingers, a Kipsigis uses the left hand\nfolding the fingers one by one. The little finger represents 1;\nthe third finger 2; the middle finger 3; the forefinger 4; the\nthumb 5. In counting 6-10, he adds the fingers of the right\nhand to the left fist, one at a time. Now, the little finger\nrepresents 6; the third finger 7; the middle finger 8; the forefinger\n9; the thumb 10.\nAccording to old Kipsigis men, the most basic numbers of\n1-10, at the same time, imply something more than the notion\nof number. 1-5, which are shown by the thumb and fingers of\nthe left hand, symbolise oneself (1), oneself and the other, which\nrepresents the community (2), conflictive situations existing\nbetween oneself and the community (3), harmonious situations\nexisting between oneself and the community (4), and the completion\nof the cosmic harmony (5), respectively. In other words,\nthe numbers represented by the thumb and fingers of the lefthand\n(1-5) symbolise the development of one's consciousness by\nsteps from self-orientated state to community-orientated state.\nOn the other hand, each of 6-10, which are represented by\nthe thumb and fingers of right hand, just expresses linguistically\nthat the indicated number is big and difficult to comprehend.\nThus 10 (taman) literally means \"It beats me\" ( Taamenan).\nAbove all, 5 (mut) and 10 (taman) linked themselves with\nthe notions of past, present, and future on which Kipsigis view\ntime bases, as shown below. A transitive verb, mut, signifies\ni) to encircle, and ii) to cut something into two. When a man\n`clenches a fist' (mumut) with the left hand , to connote 5, this\ndivides the entire set of the basic numbers (1-10) into two, i.e.,\nthe already counted 5 (1-5) and the uncounted 5 (6-10). In\nKipsigis amut, which can literally mean 'I cut it into two , is for\nyesterday. Mutai means morning in the Kipsigis language in\ngeneral, and yet it means to-morrow in the northern Kipsigis\ndialect, just as in some other Kalenjin languages, including\nNandi and Terik. In addition, mutai can literally mean 'the\nfirst (tai) five (mut). Here making a fist for counting 5 is associated\nwith a rotation of the sun, which causes day and night. And\ntherefore closing both hands to count 10 is connected with the\ndoubled rotation of the sun, and, as the result, with yesterday\n(oin). Being the last number in the Kipsigis's basic numerical\ncounting system, 10 is also connected with the day after tomorrow\nand the day before yesterday, which are the terminals in the\nKipsigis's day-counting system.\nTaman (10) shares the common stem tam with a word tam,\nwhich means 'to become difficult' as an intransitive verb, and\n'every day' as an adverb . Then, koyoin (i.e., the day after\ntomorrow) is closely associated with yoin or yoindet (i.e., the creator)\nwhich is usually referred as Asis. Asis is the Kipsigis's omnipotent\nGod that can be the sun as its emblem. On the other hand,\noin (i.e., the day before yesterday) is closely associated with\noindet, which means a dead ancestor.\nIn Kipsigis view of time, the two-tiered mutai (tomorrow)/\nkoyoin (the day after tomorrow) set faces its counterpart, the\namut (yesterday) /oin (the day before yesterday) set, with ra or\nraini (i.e., today) between. The verb's time-aspect system rather\nfaithfully reflects Kipsigis's view of time, for the two-tiered verb's\nfuture-aspect set of tomorrow and the day after tomorrow\nconfronts the two-tiered past-aspect set of yesterday and the day\nbefore yesterday with a today-aspect between.\nIn Kipsigis, the view of time is highly infiltrated by that of\nspace. Adverbs of time are formed on the basis of local adverbs.\nSpace is divided into three strata, i.e., over there (at a remote\nplace), there (out of reach of the speaker), and here (within reach\nof the speaker), with the last one as the starting point. The\nthree strata are indicated by the suffixes, -i, -on, and -in, respectively.\nSets of pronouns also share a similar stratification.\nMoreover, the binary opposition of koyoin (the day after\ntomorrow)/oin (the day before yesterday) has firm association\nwith another binary opposition of east/west, through the intermediation\nof yoindet (the creator God sensed through the sun)/\noindet (dead ancestor, who is in charge of death in its clan) binary\nopposition. As the most important nucleus in the Kipsigis's\nsymbolism, east represents the creator, the sun, sunrise, life, sky,\nfuture, and menfolk, whereas west represents ancestors, the\nmoon, sunset, earth, past, and womenfolk.\nAll in all, the Kipsigis system of counting on fingers is\nconsidered to be well-embeded in their symbolism as a whole.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004305","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"小馬, 徹"},{"creatorName":"コンマ, トオル","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Komma, Toru","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_014_1_002.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"3.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_014_1_002.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4313/files/KH_014_1_002.pdf"},"version_id":"2d1d2f9b-1949-4f7d-a2dc-500783d2bac0"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"両手の拳，社会，宇宙 : 手の指による数の指示法に組み込まれたキプシギスのコスモロジー","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"両手の拳，社会，宇宙 : 手の指による数の指示法に組み込まれたキプシギスのコスモロジー"},{"subitem_title":"Both Hands, Society, and Cosmos : Kipsigis's Cosmology Embeded in Their Counting System on Fingers","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["450"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4313","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["両手の拳，社会，宇宙 : 手の指による数の指示法に組み込まれたキプシギスのコスモロジー"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:28:10.039812+00:00"}