{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:12.109215+00:00","id":4289,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"31741b8f-f132-4680-a6a9-a275b74688f5"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4289","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4289"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004289","sets":["345:444"]},"author_link":["46"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1991-03-18","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"910","bibliographicPageStart":"847","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"15","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This paper aims to analyze the efforts of the Samis to revive\ntheir language as a modern medium of communication, and, in\nconnection with this, to throw light upon the role of language\nrehabilitation in the Sami ethnopolitical movement.\nThe Sami people, numbering from 50,000 to 70,000 according\nto different sources, are the oldest known indigenous inhabitants\nin Northern Scandinavia and the Kola peninsula. But\nexcept in some northernmost administrative communes, they now\nconstitute only a small portion of the total inhabitants, even in\ntheir own traditional territory, which is partitioned and controlled\nby four countries, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the\nSoviet Union. In sections 2-4 of this paper, the unfavourable\nconditions of the present Sami language are outlined from various\npoints of view : as a lower-ranked spoken language in multilingual\ncommunities, as a standard written language, and as an\nobject and medium of education.\nThe next section attempts to sum up the problems of the\nSami language under three major factors: its socio-functional state\nas a minority language, the linguistic competence of the Samis\nin their mother tongue, and its normative crisis. By the last\nterm I mean (1) the lack of available linguistic norms in the common\nwritten language, (2) the lack of means of protecting the\nlanguage from direct exposure to foreign influence, and (3) an\ninability to match the language to the demands of presentday\nSami society.\nThe next two sections, 6 and 7, summarize the development\nof the Sami ethnopolitical movement in three phases: the period\nof growth from the beginning of this century, the revival of the\nmovement after World War II, and the period of remarkable progress\nfrom the 1970s onward. Attention is paid here also to the\nchange of conditions surrounding the Samis, i.e. the attitudes of\nthe authorities toward them and general notions about the inherent\nrights of indigenous minority peoples. In this connection\nwe discuss the present tendency of the Samis to seek a new\nethnical identity by emphasizing their cultural uniqueness on\nthe one hand, and on the other by identifying themselves with\nindigenous minority peoples. The latter tendency seems to be\nparticularly significant to the movement, because an increasing\nnumber of countries and political organizations have, during the\nlast two decades, recognized the preferential rights of indigenous\nminorities to territorial claims and other natural resources.\nIn the light of Sami ethnopolitical development, sections\n8 and 9 characterize various attempts to establish the Sami language\nas a full-fledged working language for the Samis. Following\nthe generally accepted schema of language planning,\nSami language rehabilitation activities are described along two\nlines: linguistic policy and extralinguistic policy. In the case of\nthe Sami language or, more precisely, Northern Sami, the most\ncentral issues in linguistic policy were the establishment of norms\nfor a common orthography for Northern Sami, which has had\nseveral systems, and lexical elaboration, i.e. the standardization\nand modernization of the lexical stock.\nExtralinguistic policy, the ultimate aim of which is to raise\nthe status of the language in society, is directed to three major\npoints. These are: (1) the acquisition of a legal guarantee to\nthe official status of the Sami language in various situations, including\neducation; (2) the expansion of the domain of use\nof the language, particularly by ensuring its position in mass\nmedia; and (3) the encouragement of the people to revaluate\ntheir own language as an irreplaceable medium of their ethnic\nvalues. It is not difficult to associate the ideology of the last\npoint with that of the recent tendency in the ethnopolitical\nmovement mentioned above, i.e. the emphasis of cultural uniqueness.\nIt is to be noted, however, that their demand for the right\nto the mother tongue, especially in education, is not accounted\nfor only in terms of this \"uniqueness.\" It appears that increasing\nstress is being put on a kind of universal axiom concerning\nboth the importance of the mother tongue in elementary educa\ntion and the injurious effects of failure in normal language acquisition.\nThis theory, which has been repeatedly resorted to\nin various connections (e.g. in demands for the improvement\nof Sami language education and in parents' meetings) seems extremely\neffective, because little is left for either the political authorities\nor individuals to argue against when presented with\nthese scientifically attested human rights.\nThe achievement of these activities, at least in the normestablishment\nand social-legal settings of the Sami language,\nhas been notable since the early 1970s and, in particular, from\nthe late 1970s, when a common orthography for Northern Sami\nwas finally created. In reality, however, concrete achievement\nin language rehabilitation e.g. an increase in language use or an\nimprovement in the language competence of the speakers, has\nnot been seen yet.\nThe last two sections, 10 and 11, discuss the role of the Sami\nlanguage rehabilitation movement in Sami ethnopolitics. The\naim to revive their mother tongue has been accounted for as\nbeing similar to the recovery of their ethnic right to their native\nlands. It is also to be noted that the language movement itself\nhas played an important role in the entire ethnopolitical movement\nas a unifying force for the national assembly of the Samis.\nThe unique value of the language in relation to the Sami environment\nand traditions, coupled with their cooperation to achieve\nthis collective common goal of revitalizing their language in\npresent-day Sami society, has without doubt contributed to the\nrecent ethnopolitical processes of the Sami peoples.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004281","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"庄司, 博史"},{"creatorName":"ショウジ, ヒロシ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Shoji , Hiroshi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH015_3_002.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"8.4 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH015_3_002.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4289/files/KH015_3_002.pdf"},"version_id":"6c239f95-df91-4e91-8f15-19d497436cef"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"サーミ民族運動における言語復権の試み","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"サーミ民族運動における言語復権の試み"},{"subitem_title":"The Role of the Language Rehabilitation in the Sami Ethnopolitical Movement","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["444"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4289","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["サーミ民族運動における言語復権の試み"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:16:58.025520+00:00"}