{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:11.760376+00:00","id":4279,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"5bdc17e3-5ae3-4a90-907d-34560081b57a"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4279","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4279"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004279","sets":["345:442"]},"author_link":["7882"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1991-08-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"212","bibliographicPageStart":"159","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"16","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This paper aims to describe ethnogaraphically a system of land use\nand some aspects of the social relations found in an irrigated agricultural\narea along the Nile river. Most of the data I present here was taken during\nmy field research in 1986-87 and 1989 in a village belonging to the\nNile Province of the Republic of the Sudan.\nThe land around the village is divided into four categories according\nto the ways of water supply and the forms of land ownership. The first\ncategory, jarif, indicates the long strip of the land along the Nile. Since\nthis area is regularly flooded and completely covered with the Nile water\nfor several months in the rainy season, an owner of the land can cultivate\nit without special irrigation. Next to the fanif land, fertile fields extend\nwidely. That area is called jazira and has been the main portion of the\ncultivated lands the villagers personally owned. Farmers used to exploit\nit by making use of the water wheel, which had been turned by cattle for\nirrigating from the Nile. Today pumping machines worked by a diesel\nengine take the place of the old apparatus and efficiently supply a large\nquantity of water from the Nile to the jazira land.\nThe introduction of pumps in the irrigation system, which started in\nthe middle of the 1940's in this village, changed drastically the activities\nof agriculturists in this region, because it transformed a vast land beside\nthe jazira into cultivable fields. The area called kari-4, which had been uncultivated\ndue to lack of water supply and being owned by the government,\nwas turned into a large scale farm under supervision of the village\nleader, then Mr. HA, who registered at a government office to obtain a\nright to use the land as a field. He also bought two pumps with the financial\nhelp of the Mandist office in the capital and set them up at an appropriate\nsite of the Nile bank. This project, which has been called the\nHA Pumping Scheme, started to work in 1951 and is nowadays managed\nby HA's son, Mr. AH.\nBesides the Scheme, some of the well-off families in the village, who\nseparately purchased a pumping machine and gained a right to use a portion\nof the government-owned land, managed to dig a well to supply\nwater to the field around it. The field irrigated from the well is called\nmatara. We now find newly cultivated matara fields even in the desert\narea called khaki, far from the village as well as in some parts of the karu\nland.\nBased on this system of land use, farmers make peculiar arrangements\nto divide the crop among the land owner (in the case of the\njazira) or the registrant (in the case of the kari4), the man providing water\nto the field (that is, the owner of a pump), and the cultivator. In case of\nthe karii belonging to the HA Scheme, Mr. AH, who is a registrant of the\nland as well as an owner of the pumps, divides fifty-fifty on the harvest\nwith a cultivator who agrees with Mr. AH about his right to cultivate the\nallotted portion of the karft land.\nIn the jazira, where a system of the private land ownership has been\nestablished for a long time, Mr. AH, who supplies water, and a\ncultivator who owns the field personally share the crop after deducting\nnecessary cultivating expenses from it. If the owner of the land cannot\nwork his field for some reason, such as a migration to one of the oil-producing\ncountries and if he asks a reliable person to cultivate his land, he\ncan obtain one-eighth of the crop as a right of the land owner. This portion\nhe would receive is called karij. The cultivator and Mr. AH, a provider\nof water, share the rest of the crop.\nI also discuss variations of arrangements, as a kind of sharecropping\nsystem; cooperative activities among villagers, called nafir; and a significant\nrole of agricultural workers recruited from the outside of the\nvillage.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004271","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"大塚, 和夫"},{"creatorName":"オオツカ, カズオ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Ohtsuka, Kazuo","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_016_1_003.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"4.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_016_1_003.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4279/files/KH_016_1_003.pdf"},"version_id":"db442545-6b2a-4682-aeef-cf7cc70bb387"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"北スーダン｜ナイル沿岸アラブ｜ポンプ灌漑｜土地利用体系｜分益小作","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Sudan｜riverine Arabs｜pump irrigation｜land use system｜sharecropping arrangemen","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"ナイル川流域における土地利用と灌漑農業をめぐる社会的諸関係 : 北スーダン・ナイル県の一村落の事例報告","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"ナイル川流域における土地利用と灌漑農業をめぐる社会的諸関係 : 北スーダン・ナイル県の一村落の事例報告"},{"subitem_title":"Land Use System and Social Relations in an Irrigated Agricultural Area along the Nile : A Case from a Village of the Northern Sudan","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["442"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4279","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["ナイル川流域における土地利用と灌漑農業をめぐる社会的諸関係 : 北スーダン・ナイル県の一村落の事例報告"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:16:59.895718+00:00"}