{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:11.448904+00:00","id":4270,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"4c013d48-9c71-4e67-a641-faf6e88ec245"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4270","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4270"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004270","sets":["345:440"]},"author_link":["4729"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1992-03-11","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"680","bibliographicPageStart":"633","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"16","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"In the early 19th-century Pohnpeian and Kosraean societies, there\nwere many areas of similarities in social and cultural practices. Each\nhad chiefdom structures denoted by a system of titles. All land was owned\nby the paramount chiefs (Nahnmwarki on Pohnpei and Tokosra on\nKosrae). Thier subjects were allowed to use the land, paid tribute in\nreturn, and used respectful language to them.\nThe Pohnpeian and Kosraean experiences of Western contact in the\n19th century were also basically similar. From the 1830s increasing\nnumbers of whaleships visited the two islands. Pohnpei and Kosrae experienced\na depopulation caused by diseases which foreign ships\nbrought. In 1852 American Congregational missionaries came to the\ntwo islands to propagate their religion. Later both islands accepted\nChristianity.\nOn Pohnpei Christianity was accommodated into the existing social\nand political framework, and Pohnpeians retain their traditional chieftainship\neven today. But on Kosrae the acceptance of Christianity\ncaused the abandonment of the chieftainship. In spite of the seemingly\nsimilar situations in the two islands, the outcome in each case was\nmarkedly different.\nThe purpose of this paper is to examine why there was such a great\ndifference between Pohnpei and Kosrae. There are several factors which\ninfluenced processes of change and continuity.\nFirst, although the two societies suffered a decline in population,\nKosrae, because of the smaller size of its population, was more vulnerable\nto changes than was Pohnpei. On Kosrae it became difficult to find\nan eligible candidate to the paramount chief title.\nSecond, there were five autonomous chiefdoms on Pohnpei while\nKosrae had a unified polity. On Pohnpei a strong rivalry existed among\nthe five chiefdoms and each of them often pursued different policies from\nthe others. Therefore unified action was hard to attain.\nThird, Pohnpei was subjected to a far wider range of foreign influences\nthan Kosrae. On Pohnpei many beachcombers settled. On\nKosrae they were discouraged from remaining on shore after their conflicts\nwith the Kosraeans. The expulsion of the beachcombers from the\nisland was possible because of the political centralization of Kosraean\nsociety. Spanish government officials and soldiers, Catholic priests and\nGerman government officials and soldiers came to Pohnpei, but none of\nthem settled on Kosrae. Therefore, when they stood at the crisis caused\nby depopulation and were looking for a new model for their society,\nthere were many examples on Pohnpei, while the Protestant teachings\nwere the only one for the Kosraeans.\nFourth, Spanish and German government officials appointed the\nPohnpeian chiefs to the post of native headman to maintain order on the\nisland. The foreign governments helped Pohnpeian chiefs to maintain\ntheir positions. The Spanish officials were indifferent to Kosrae.\nAlthough the Germans appointed the Kosraen paramount chief to the\npost of native headman, it was too late to retain the chieftainship.\nThe difference in those factors mentioned above caused the\nKosraeans to abandon the chieftainship system and the Pohnpeians to\nmanage to maintain it. On Kosrae, conversion to Christianity is regarded\nas discontinuous change, while on Pohnpei the process of change\nsince Isokelekel, the first Nahnmwarki, is perceived in terms of cultural\ncontinuity.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004262","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"中山, 和芳"},{"creatorName":"ナカヤマ, カズヨシ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Nakayama, Kazuyoshi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_016_3_003.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"3.0 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_016_3_003.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4270/files/KH_016_3_003.pdf"},"version_id":"5a389043-c87b-45f7-af78-591b1d0bfd35"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"ポーンペイ(ポナペ)｜コシャエ｜首長制｜キリスト教｜社会・文化変化","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Pohnpei (Ponape)｜Kosrae｜chieftainship｜Christianity｜socio-cultural change","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"首長制とキリスト教 : ミクロネシア，ポーンペイ島とコシャエ島の事例","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"首長制とキリスト教 : ミクロネシア，ポーンペイ島とコシャエ島の事例"},{"subitem_title":"Chieftainship and Christianity on Pohnpei and Kosrae, in Micronesia","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["440"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4270","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["首長制とキリスト教 : ミクロネシア，ポーンペイ島とコシャエ島の事例"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:17:06.094017+00:00"}