@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004247,
 author = {江口, 一久 and Eguchi, Paul Kazuhisa},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {The purpose of this paper is to report Fulbe greetings heard in
Diamare, Northern Cameroon, focusing the description on the formulaic
expressions and non-verbal elements which accompany verbal expressions.
First, the motive of greetings is explained in terms of the sense of
shame (semteende), and other components of Fulbeness (pulaaku).
In the highly hierarchized Fulbe society social inferiors initiate
greetings to superiors. The main factors which determine the hierarchy
are: age, lineage, gender, Islamic activity, and wealth.
Greetings are exchanged in various places, such as the front of the
house, vestibule, shaded area, room, and so on. The place of greeting is
an indicator of the degree of intimacy between the two speakers. The
more private the space, the more intimate is the relationship between two
speakers.
In principle greetings are exchanged by two speakers. The greetings
are chosen according to time, climate, space, length of time since the last
meeting of the speakers, and the relationship between the speakers.
Greeting behavior is considered to be ritual, because people repeat
the same procedure, and the greetings are formulaic. Even if one exchanges
news in greetings, the responses do not necessarily reflect reality.
They say only jam 'peace', even if they actually have troubles. Real
news is exchanged after the greetings.
An ordinary greeting consists of four phases: 1) introductory
phase, which begins with meeting and blessing each other, 2) ex-
change of news, 3) leave-taking, and 4) blessing each other.
Assalaamu aleykum opens the introductory part. Allah's blessings
follow the introduction. One asks the jam of the counterpart. Always
jam is included in the answer. When one expresses leave-taking, both of
them bless each other.
Since the Fulbe have been living with other ethnic groups for a long
time in Western Sudan, they have borrowed many greeting expressions
from other ethnic groups. The verbs hoofn- and saan-, meaning 'to
greet' in Fulfulde of northern Cameroon, are possibly derived from Zerma
and Hausa respectively.},
 pages = {489--521},
 title = {カメルーン北部・フルベ族の挨拶の言語表現},
 volume = {17},
 year = {1993},
 yomi = {エグチ, カズヒサ}
}