@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004195,
 author = {大林, 太良 and Obayashi, Taryo},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {Wolfram Eberhard (1909-1989), the German born sinologist and
ethnologist, published his two major contributions to the ethnology and
cultural history of China in 1942: Kultur und Siedlung der Randvolker
Chinas (Culture and Settlement of Peoples in the Border Regions of
China) and Lokalkulturen im alten China (Local Cultures in Ancient
China) . These two works are companion volumes; Kultur und Siedlung
classifies and describes non-Han Chinese peoples on the outskirts of
China Proper in historical times, while Lokalkulturen formulates local
cultures which are supposed to have contributed to the formation of
Chinese civilization, using data from the cultural history and folklore of
the Han-Chinese. Both aim at the reconstruction of ethnic components
of Chinese civilization and contain stimulating insights and suggestions.
Kultur und Siedlung classifies about 800 non-Chinese peoples into 5
major categories: (1) Peoples in northern border regions, (2) peoples in
western border regions, (3) peoples in southern border regions, (4)
legendary peoples, and (5) peoples recorded only for ages before the
Han dynasty. Categories 1 to 3 are subdivided further into some local
groups of peoples respectively. Each local group represents a culture
complex and belongs to a linguistic family.
In the present paper I have tried to evaluate Eberhard's results from
three view points: ecological background, linguistic affiliation and
prehistoric foundation. Eberhard's groupings fit quite well with the
physiographic areas proposed by G.B. Cressey. This implies that each
group probably developed in a specific ecological area, although
Eberhard paid only scanty attention to the ecological conditions of his
groups. The study of dialects of the Chinese language by M. Hashimoto
indicates that most of the southern dialects developed on non-Chinese
substrata. This lends support to the cardinal idea of Eberhard that
Chinese civilization contains a series of non-Han components. Yet in
some points his theory is weakly founded; he supposed, for example,
that both the Yao and the ancient Yiieh were Austronesian speakers, and
the Liao Austroasiatic speakers. These are very dubious attributions in
the light of recent studies by P. Benedict and E.G. Pulleyblank. Contemporary
archaeological investigations by Chinese scholars, among
others Su Bing Qi, have revealed the existence of some local cultures in
the neolithic age which eventually contributed to the formation of
Chinese civilization. Eberhard's pioneer attempt to classify non-Han
peoples and to establish local ethnic cultures anticipated in a sense the recent
movement by Chinese archaeologists. Eberhard was right in the
main in his classification of peoples and cultures. Yet his theory has a
shortcoming in that he failed to recognize the cultural and linguistic local
unit which made up the core of the Chinese and their civilization, located
in the Middle Yellow River area.},
 pages = {313--356},
 title = {中国辺境諸民族の文化と居住地 : エーバーハルト説の紹介と評価 :  そのI. 概観},
 volume = {20},
 year = {1995},
 yomi = {オオバヤシ, タリョウ}
}