@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004190,
 author = {大林, 太良 and Obayashi, Taryo},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {Kultur and Siedlung der Randvolker Chinas by Eberhard is a classic
in the historical ethnology of China, in which he put together a great
amount of material and analysed and classified ethnic groups in the
border regions of China in historical times. Peoples in the border
regions of the south were classified by him into 11 categories: (1) the
Chuang peoples, (2) the Yao peoples, (3) the Li peoples, (4) the Kelao
peoples, (5) the Liao peoples, (6) the Miao peoples, (7) the Pa peoples,
(8) the Paiman peoples, (9) the Tan peoples, (10) the Yueh peoples, and
(11) other peoples. In addition to these, two other categories from
among the ethnic groups of the western border regions, i.e. (1) the Fan
peoples and (2) the Wuman peoples, should be taken into consideration
in the discussion of his conception of the ethnic and cultural history of
southern China.
Each category of southern peoples represents a culture complex,
characterized by a series of culture features, among others the type of
subsistence economy. Eberhard recognizes the Yao peoples with swidden
cultivation, and the Chuang peoples, equivalent to the Tai culture
of his Lokalkulturen, with rice cultivation in wet fields, as two major and
fundamental categories, while most of the others, excepting perhaps the
Liao, according to him, are either derivatives from these two fundamental
ones or later developments resulting from a mixture of one or both of
these major ones with each other or some others. This theory seems to
be sound in the main. He includes with foresight the Yueh and the Pa in
his research on the southern peoples.
In spite of these merits, the volume contains some shortcomings
and views hard to accept. He often relies not on primary sources but on
secondary compilatory works for the material. He treats the Yao and
the Miao separately, without paying due attention to the fact that both
belong to the same family linguistically. Generally speaking,
Eberhard's hypotheses concerning the linguistic position of each
category are weakly founded, and sometimes quite disputable, such as
the supposition that the Yao and the Yueh are Austronesian speakers
and the Liao Austroasian speakers.
He gives no serious consideration to interethnic relations between
the Han Chinese and the border peoples. He also underestimates the
changes which took place in the ways of life of the peoples through the
ages, particularly the change from swidden cultivation to wet rice
agriculture among many peoples in the south during the period from the
Tang through the Sung ages.
Eberhard's investigation certainly has a series of points open to
criticism, yet it retains its position as a classic in the ethnic and cultural
history of China, with its wealth of information and, last but not least,
numerous insights and suggestions for further research.},
 pages = {455--500},
 title = {中国辺境諸民族の文化と居住地 : エーバーハルト説の紹介と評価 : そのII. 南方辺境諸民族},
 volume = {20},
 year = {1996},
 yomi = {オオバヤシ, タリョウ}
}