@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004185,
 author = {吉岡, 政德 and Yoshioka , Masanori},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The aim of this article is to clarify the system of gift-exchange found
in the life-cycle rituals of North Raga, the northern part of Raga
(Pentecost) Island in Vanuatu in Melanesia. Although ethnographical
data on North Raga were collected by Codrington and Rivers, they were
sporadic and the details of the life-cycle rituals in North Raga have not
previously been described. In this article, I present ethnographical data
on birth rites, marriage rites, as well as on funeral rites, based on my field
research. I was engaged in field work in North Raga in 1974, from 1981
to 1982, in 1985, in 1991 and in 1992.
In North Raga life-cycle rituals, we find various forms of gift-exchange
which can be broadly classified into three categories, tabeana,
vuro, and mwemwearuvwa. Tabeana is a gift such that a counter-gift is,
people say explicitly, not-necessary. We are able to assert that the thing
which is given as tabeana does not have the "hau" in the sense of Mauss'
thesis. In other words, the tabeana gift does not produce a debt-feeling
on the side of the gift-receiver.
In contrast to tabeana, vuro seems to have the opposite character.
Vuro is a gift which is given voluntarily and is regarded as a kind of aid.
However the literal meaning of vuro is "debt" and it is said to be
obligatory for a vuro-receiver to give back something of the same value
as vuro to the vuro-giver at some time.
Mwemwearuvwa is the medial concept between tabeana and vuro.
For something given as mwemwearuvwa, people expect a counter-gift.
It is "expected" but not demanded. People say that a man had better
give back something of the same value to the giver if he remembers it
after several years. In actual life, some people who receive
mwemwearuvwa think of it as vuro, while others receive it as tabeana.
These three concepts of gift in North Raga are obviously related to
Sahlins' generalized reciprocity and balanced reciprocity. In this article,
I discuss the system of gift-exchange and clarify the North Raga concept
of gift in due consideration of Sahlins' concepts of reciprocity.},
 pages = {671--717},
 title = {北部ラガの人生儀礼における贈与交換},
 volume = {20},
 year = {1996},
 yomi = {ヨシオカ , マサノリ}
}