{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:07.663853+00:00","id":4164,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"0bc24d3d-d67c-458b-a7a8-e76762bdd43f"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4164","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4164"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004164","sets":["345:419"]},"author_link":["68"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1997-03-28","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"4","bibliographicPageEnd":"775","bibliographicPageStart":"715","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"21","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Before the 1960s, subsistence among the Canadian Inuit involved\nforaging, food sharing and social relationships which provided an\norganizational framework for these activities [WENzEL 1991]. Foraging\nactivities were organized according to extended family and co-habitation\nrelationships, and the products of these activities were shared and\nconsumed according to the same relationships. The various aspects of\nsubsistence activity were causally dependent upon each other.\nIt is a fact that the arctic fur trade, and subsequently a larger cash\neconomy, did not necessarily harm the Inuit socioeconomic system and\ncould co-exist with it. Cash has helped the Inuit continue their foraging\nactivities until the present. The Inuit have purchased snowmobiles,\nboats with outboard engines, rifles and ammunition, nets, gasoline, and\nso on, using money earned in the fur trade, government subsidies and\nwage labor. The adoption of new technology helped them to maintain\ntraditional forms of food sharing and consumption, and distinctive\nsocial relationships.\nWhen the European Community banned the import of skins of seals\nand arctic foxes in 1983, the fur market ceased abruptly. The Canadian\nInuit suddenly lost one of thier main income sources and started experiencing\nsome difficulty in finding enough money for hunting and fishing\nactivities.\nIn this paper I propose that the decline in hunting and fishing activities\nwill lead to a deterioration of food sharing and consumption practices\nand a breakdown of social relationships among the Inuit. I examined\nthis proposition by visiting Inukjuak village, Nunavik, Canada, in\nJanuary and February of 1996. The findings were as follows.\n1. The number of Inuit hunters and fishermen has decreased, while\nthat of those who hope to be wage laborers has increased during the last\n30 years. There has been a clear decline in the subsistence economic sector.\nHowever, food sharing and consumption activities and social relationships\nwere not yet drastically altered. Food sharing has helped to\nmaintain and promote integration within extended families and within\nthe whole village, and still contributes much to Inuit identity. This has\nbeen possible because of three kinds of food sharing: (1) food sharing\nby a hunter support program established in 1982, (2) use of local FM\nradio to broadcast food requests to the entire village and (3) food sharing\nwithin each extended family. The current hunter support program\nin Nunavik has its own limitations and problems, but has made a great\ncontribution to social relationships in Inukjuak village.\n2. The hunter support program has been being implemented among\nthe Nunavik Inuit by the provincial government of Quebec and by the\nKativik regional government. Recently, the Makivik Corporation, a\nnative economico-political organization formed by the Nunavik Inuit,\nhas planned a commercial project for the purchase and distribution of\ncountry foods such as caribou and seal meat. The purpose of Makivik is\nto improve the economy and health conditions of Nunavik Inuit by purchasing\ncountry foods from Inuit harvesters and selling them at low\nprices to Inuit wage laborers and the retired. However, I argue that the\nproject will not function properly unless two conditions are met: (1)\nclear occupational differentiation into categories such as\nhunters/fishermen and wage laborers within Inuit society, and (2) promotion\nof economic stability among the wage laborers. If Makivik\nstarts the project, there is a high probability that social relationships will\nbe transformed by a decline in traditional food sharing practices.\n3. Murphy and Steward (1956) suggested that native subsistence\nculture might decline in the future under the influence of the cash\neconomy if there is no deliberate counter-effort by the people. I argue\nthat the Inuit must control their own economy with political agreement\nbetween them and the state and provincial governments to maintain and\npromote their own subsistence culture within the Canadian nation\nstate. In the mid-1990s, two economic development projects began\noperation within Nunavik Inuit society: the hunter support program and\nthe Nunavik Arctic Food Project. These projects will have conflicting\nsocio-economic effects on the Inuit. I propose that the Inuit themselves\nshould choose only one of the two projects for the present, or resolve the\nvarious conflicts between the two projects in order to achieve better\nsocio-economic results for Inuit society.\n4. Contrary to my expectations, food sharing and indigenous social\nrelationships have not been drastically altered among the Inukjuak Inuit.\nThe following revised hypothesis is offered. Indigenous minorities\nliving within a large nation state or federation such as Canada increasingly\nbecome dependent on the state and national economy in socioeconomic\nterms under prevailing influences of implementing a series of\nsocio-economic policies toward the peoples by the economic-political majority\nof the state. However, these impacts on the peoples will not\nnecessarily result in extinguishing or weakening their distinctive social\nrelationships and ethnic identities. When positive national policies\ntoward the indigenous peoples and positive indigenous initiatives (e.g.\neconomic and political practices) coincide, economic activities will continue\nto be socially constituted. Under the above-mentioned condition,\ndistinctive socio-economic relationships of the peoples can be reproduced\nin spite of undergoing some socio-economic changes.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004156","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"岸上, 伸啓"},{"creatorName":"キシガミ, ノブヒロ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Kishigami, Nobuhiro","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_021_4_001.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"4.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_021_4_001.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4164/files/KH_021_4_001.pdf"},"version_id":"630443cd-f99d-4973-aa1e-0163ec995c93"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"カナダ・イヌイット｜経済変化｜狩猟者支援プログラム｜貨幣避猟の影響｜食物分配","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Canada Inuit｜economic change｜hunter support program｜impacts of casheconomy｜food sharing","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"カナダ･イヌイットの社会･経済変化 : ケベック州のイヌクジュアク村の事例を中心に","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"カナダ･イヌイットの社会･経済変化 : ケベック州のイヌクジュアク村の事例を中心に"},{"subitem_title":"Socio Economic Change in Canadian Inuit Society : The Case of Inukjuak Village, Nunavik (Northern Quebec), Canada","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["419"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4164","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["カナダ･イヌイットの社会･経済変化 : ケベック州のイヌクジュアク村の事例を中心に"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:18:44.852054+00:00"}