@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004154,
 author = {内山, 純蔵 and Uchiyama, Junzo},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {In spite of the recent increase in archaeological excavations and the
high level of public interest, subsistence in the Jomon period remains
unclear. This is because the study of socio/economic systems has been
neglected; Japanese archaeology has been inclined only to the
typological genealogy of artefacts. However, in order to reconstruct
prehistoric hunter-gatherers' subsistence in archaeological contexts, the
study of synchronic spatial use in specific areas is necessary. To do so,
the following procedure is needed: firstly, the synchronic distribution of
equipment should be investigated and its spatial structure reconstructed;
secondly, zooarchaeological evidence should be collected; the last stage
is to match these results.
Spatial analysis using GIS (geographical information system) will
be an effective method in supporting the process mentioned above. The
Japanese field of the Jomon survey is one of the world's most dense areas
of archaeological information. This means that the GIS spatial analysis
should be suitable for the study of the Jomon subsistence system, once
the archaeological data is digitized and made into computer databases.
This paper analyzes fishing activity in the Kanto district in the Late phase
(4,000-3,000 ybp) ; demonstrating the practice of GIS in archaeological
fields. Not only the number of shellmidden sites but also that of excavated
fishing tools in the Kanto district reached the maximum level
throughout Jomon Japan in this phase, suggesting that fishing activity
became prevalent and its economic importance increased. Based on the
result of spatial analysis of fishing equipment and fish remains, the
spatial structure of fishing activity in the Late Jomon is depicted.
The composition of fishing equipment in the Late phase is
characterized by the abundance of bone tools such as points and hooks,
suggesting that spearing and angling were more popular than netting, the
existence of which is inferred from clay/stone weights. The distribution
maps of various types of bone tools are produced using Arch/Info, a
GIS software run on a UNIX workstation. Two facts can be observed
from the results: firstly, there were two distinct groups of fishing equipment,
each corresponding to one of the two large old bays of the Kanto
district. Secondly, fishing tools were concentrated in the baymouth area
facing the oceanic open sea. Furthermore, analysis of fish remains indicates
that both the number of species and the amount of bones are
most abundant at the sites located in the baymouth area. This means
that fishing activity involving the species of the oceanic open sea and
those of rocky reef areas became popular in the Late Jomon.
These results of analysis suggest that (1) there were two fishing
groups marked by different types of fishing equipment; and (2) the
baymouth areas became a fishing centre in the Late phase. Baymouth is
an ecological junction at which people could access various species living
both in lagoons and rocky reef areas. Spearing and angling are believed
to have been the main means of fishing at such areas. It could be concluded
that the active extension of fishing to baymouth areas, coinciding
with an increase in the relative importance of fishing was the main cause
of the prevalence of bone fishing tools in Late Jomon Kanto.},
 pages = {375--424},
 title = {縄文時代後期の関東地方における漁労活動 : 先史生業活動復元へのGISの応用},
 volume = {22},
 year = {1997},
 yomi = {ウチヤマ, ジュンゾウ}
}