{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:05.821148+00:00","id":4113,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"a4a402bf-207a-4128-b2cf-2d21a1518c4f"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"4113","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4113"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004113","sets":["345:410"]},"author_link":["64"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1999-09-30","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"42","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"24","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"社会主義体制崩壊後の旧東欧社会において民族主義や宗教の影響が大きく\nなったばかりでなく,この両老が相互に深く結びついて対立や紛争のなかで大\nきな役割を果たしたことは西側の人々に驚きを与えた。しかし,旧東欧の社会\n主義体制下では社会主義イデオロギーが社会を表層では支配していたものの,\n実際には民族主義が社会的に大きな影響力をもっていたのである。旧東欧諸国\nのひとつであるルーマニアも例外ではなかった。社会主義体制下において民族\nに関する表象およびその言説が社会のなかで支配的であり,一方キリスト教も\n民族的伝統を代表し,民族的価値を肯定するかぎりで肯定的な評価を保ってい\nた。このことが意味するのは,もともと民族に限定されず普遍的な立場に立つ\nはずのキリスト教や国際間の階級的連帯に立脚して国家や民族を否定する社会\n主義思想が,実際には民族的感情や民族理念を強調する民族主義的立場に近づ\nいていたという事実である。\n　本稿ではこうした共存のしくみを説明するために,スターリン批判以後の政\n治的危機,および民衆の日常生活における戦略的行為が生み出した社会主義体\n制の危機に対して,共産党指導部が行った民族表象の操作とその効果に注目\nする。その具体的手段として党指導部が利用しようとしたのは聖職者と知識人\nであり,その求めに応じて聖職者や知識人は社会主義体制下での従属的な役割\nを受け入れた。党指導部がこの操作を行った理由は,ルーマニア社会における\n戦前からの強い民族主義的な傾向と民衆へのキリスト教会の大きな影響力に\nあった。民族主義は第二次大戦後は抑圧され,キリスト教もスターリン主義体\n制のもとで弾圧されたが,いぜんとして強い影響力を保持していた。スターリ\nソ批判以後の政治的危機をのりこえるためにソ連からの自立の道を選んだ党指\n導部は,独自の社会主義体制を確立するために国内統合の原理として民族主義\nとキリスト教を利用しようとしたのである。ただし,これら聖職者や知識人も\nただ一方的に受動的に操作されたわけではなく,主体的な戦略をもっていた。\n聖職者はキリスト教に民族的伝統を代表させることによって社会的な影響力を\n増大させ,知識人は党指導部との言説のヘゲモニーを競うとともに知識人共同\n体の内部でも競合することによって,結果として伝統的な民族的言説を強化し\nた。さらに民衆も民族主義とキリスト教を利用する党指導部のプロパガンダに\nよって操作されていたばかりではなく,生活上の必要に迫られて民衆が選択し\nた戦略は,党による社会的支配の効力を弱めた。一方,石油ショックの影響に\nよる経済発展の挫折は,発展を約束する社会主義イデオロギーの建前としての\n根拠すら失わせ,党指導部は対外的緊張や民族主義にいっそう依存せざるをえ\nなくなった。こうして,政府が行った民族表象の操作は,その意図をこえて民\n族主義が社会の支配的な思想となって,社会主義とキリスト教の共存を可能に\nする結果をもたらしたのである。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"People in the West were surprised when they recognized, after the\ncollapse of communist regimes, the fact that nationalism and Christianity,\nintermingling with each other, had had a strong influence on East\nEuropean societies. But in fact nationalism had been strong even under\nsocialist societies. Romania is not exceptional. Under the communist\nregime, the state ideology tended to emphasize the national representation\nand its discourse. Although Marxism-Leninism insisted on atheism,\nChristianity could coexist with it in Romania as long as it was\nsupportive. This means that both socialism and Christianity emphasized\nthe ethnic consciousness in Romanian society. As a result, contradictory\nideologies, such as Christianity and socialism actually supported\neach other through nationalism.\nIn this paper, I explain how such contradictory ideologies could\nhave coexisted in Romanian society by focusing on the communist party's\nmanipulation of national representations and its effects in economic\nand political crisis. The clergy and intellectuals were utilized for\nlegitimizing socialist ideology and they were not so resistant. The reason\nthe communist party carried out this manipulation was that nationalism\nand Christianity had been so influential in Romanian society. Although\nat the beginning of the communist regime, the communist party, obeying\nStalinism, suppressed national ideas, it chose an independent policy\nfrom the USSR after de-Stalinization and decided to revive nationalism\nas an alternative ideology for rule. The Church was useful for the same\npurpose, too. While the communist party tried to put the clergy and\nintellectuals under its control, they did not just acquiesce but reacted\nstrategically to this. The clergy tried to strengthen their power by\npositioning Christianity at the center of the national tradition. The\nintellectuals opposed the hegemony of the communist party by leading\nnationalistic discourse. On the other hand, the masses also reacted\nstrategically according to their needs. Their survival strategy in\neveryday life weakened the rule of the centralized government. Besides ,\nthe oil shock prevented the economic plan from achieving its goals. The\neconomic crisis deprived the socialist ideology of the credibility of the\npeople. The communist party became more dependent on the national\nideology for integrating people into the socialist state.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004105","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"新免, 光比呂"},{"creatorName":"シンメン, ミツヒロ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Shinmen, Mitsuhiro","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_024_1_001.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"3.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_024_1_001.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4113/files/KH_024_1_001.pdf"},"version_id":"f23c0328-75a8-4138-8fe3-8ffa46876bae"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"社会主義｜民族主義｜キリスト教｜民族表象","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"socialism｜nationalism｜Christianity｜national representation","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"社会主義国家ルーマニアにおける民族と宗教 : 民族表象の操作と民衆","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"社会主義国家ルーマニアにおける民族と宗教 : 民族表象の操作と民衆"},{"subitem_title":"Nationalism and Christianity under the Socialist State Romania","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"3","path":["410"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4113","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["社会主義国家ルーマニアにおける民族と宗教 : 民族表象の操作と民衆"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:19:20.114955+00:00"}