@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004106,
 author = {楊, 海英 and Yang, Haiying},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {叙事詩「チンギス・ハーンの二頭の駿馬」は,写本と口頭伝承の形で内蒙古
自治区西部オルドス地域を中心に伝わっている。叙事詩の写本は古くからその
種類が多く,民間に多数存在する。一方,口頭伝承では「聖主の二頭の駿馬」
という民歌で広く知られている。従来の研究は叙事詩の物語の分析に重点をお
いてきた。そこで本稿は,叙事詩の写本公開を基本的な目的とする。そのうえ
で,叙事詩の写本と口頭伝承のテキストとの比較検討を試みる。それによって,
写本とロ頭伝承の関連性を明らかにし,叙事詩の物語の再生産についての仮説
をうちたてる。, A Mongolian epic Cinggis qayan-u er-e goyar jayal -un tuyuji (Two
Great Steeds of Cinggis Qayan) has been preserved for centuries in the
form both of manuscript and oral tradition, mainly in Ordus, which is
an autonomous region in Inner Mongolia. There exist many different
manuscripts for this epic, which have been collected and reported by
researchers through generations. The entire corpus of manuscripts,
however, has not yet been identified or elucidated. On the other hand,
the oral tradition has taken the form of "Urtu-yin dayuu" the title of
which is "Ejen boyda-yin qoyar jayal" (Two Great Steeds of the Holy
Qayan) . "Urtu-yin dayuu" literally means a "long song". This paper is
aimed at publicising two manuscripts, which the author discovered in
Ordus, as well as a text that has existed in the Mongolian People's
Republic for many years.
Conventionally, the study of the epic has centred round the analysis
of the stories that are described in it. For this reason, there has not been
sufficient academic work to date that aims to compare the written epic
with the "long song", which is the oral tradition. In this paper, in order
to shed light from a new angle, the author aims to identify various forms
of the "long song" entitled "Two Great Steeds of the Holy Qayan",
which have been passed on through generations of people in Ordus, thus
elucidating the structure and content of the oral tradition. Then a
comparison will be made between the oral tradition and the manuscripts
in relation to what is described.
As for the content, most of the manuscripts which have been discovered
in the Ordus region consist of the following two stories. The
first is about two horses, which are called "Yeke Jayal" (Big Jayal) and
"Bay-a Jayal" (Small Jayal) . They were born in a huge herd of 100,000
horses owned by Cinggis qayan. As they grew as outstanding young
horses, they contributed greatly to the success of the great hunt carried
out by Cinggis Qayan and his men, in which a hunting ground was encircled
by hundreds of hunters on horseback who chased wild game out
into the open. Unfortunately, however, despite the high calibre which
both Jayal demonstrated, they somehow failed to gain legitimate credit
from people for their contribution.
Disappointed and grieved, the two horses left Cinggis Qayan's
court, running off to the remote countryside, where they spent a few
years without attending to any official duty or assignment. However,
their dedication and loyalty to Cinggis Qayan was so genuine that they
could never forget their Qayan. Eventually they came back to the court
again. Deeply pleased with their return, Cinggis Qayan set out for a
great hunt again, when everybody generously rewarded the achievement
of the horses with sincere words of adoration. To their great pleasure,
the two Jayal came to be admired by literally everybody in the country,
enjoying the fame. This concludes the first story.
Of the two Jayal, Bay-a Jayal (Small Jayal) alone reappears at the
end of the second story. The hero in this is a little boy who was taken
into bondage as a hostage and forced to work as a shepherd looking after
a herd of sheep owned by a wealthy man. Although the rich man possessed
as many as 100,000 horses, he was utterly ignorant of the value of
horses, incapable of telling a great steed from others of poor breed.
There happened to be a fine horse in the herd, which could run extremely
fast. In the rich man's possession, however, the value of this horse was
totally wasted, without him being given any chance to show his excel
lence. The boy immediately discovered the outstanding strength and
nature of this horse and, a few years later, managed to ride off on his
back to seek freedom from bondage. Unfortunately, however, the boy
was chased and recaptured in the end by a pursuer riding "Small Jayal".
Tragically enough, "Small Jayal" ran too fast during the chase and exhausted
himself only to die after running the race. The story ends with
the remarks that, since that incident, great steeds have come to be born
only in the "Land of the Han", and not anywhere else.
It is generally believed that the former half of the epic was constructed
during the dynasty of Mongolia-Qayan in the 13th century,
whereas the latter was created between the 14th and 15th centuries. On
the other hand, the "long song" titled "Two Great Steeds of the Holy
Qayan" includes only the former half of the epic, which is, in fact, the
most moving legend. Whereas those who recite the epic are experts with
special skill, the "long song" can be performed by almost everybody.
Currently the number of specialists who can narrate the epic is getting
extremely low in Ordus. In this context, it would be fair to say that the
"long song" titled "Two Great Steeds of the Holy Qayan" was made as
a popularisation and simplified version of the authentic epic "Two Great
Steeds of Cinggis Qayan".},
 pages = {485--632},
 title = {『チンギス・ハーンの二頭の駿馬』について : 写本と口頭伝承の比較を中心に},
 volume = {24},
 year = {1999},
 yomi = {ヤン, ハイイン}
}