{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:05.475085+00:00","id":4102,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"1b359508-4198-4eb3-b667-f32b170d97bf"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4102","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4102"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004102","sets":["345:407"]},"author_link":["7945"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2000-03-23","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"4","bibliographicPageEnd":"872","bibliographicPageStart":"767","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"24","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"本稿は行動生態学で発達した最適採食理論を人間の食物獲得活動へ適用した\n研究のレヴューである。最適採食理論に基づく食物獲得活動の研究では,利用\n可能な戦略(行動)の中でどのような戦略が進化するかを予測する最適化分析\nが用いられる。ここでは最適採食モデルとして,食餌幅,パッチ選択とパッチ\n内時間のモデル,およびこれら古典モデルの仮定を緩和することによって修正\nされたモデルとして中心点採食,資源の変動や食物分配とリスクの関係,複数\nの「通貨」を取り入れた線形計画法と無差別曲線分析などがあつかわれる。現\n在までのところ,最適採食モデルの人間行動への適用事例ではモデルの予測と\n実際の観察がうまく一致しないことが多いが,むしろそこから人間行動の特性\nを引き出し,モデルを改良することが重要である。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"This article reviews the basic principles of optimal foraging theory\nand their application to human foraging. The optimization approach\nused in behavioral ecology assumes that individual foragers behave so as\nto maximize some currency (usually net rate of energy return per unit of\nforaging time) which is assumed to correlate with fitness, and employs\nmodels consisting of currencies to be maximized, decisions or foraging\nproblems to analyzed, and constraints specifying options available to the\nforagers and their effects.\nThe classical diet breadth model predicts a set of food resources that\nmaximizes energy return rate under a set of assumptions: a \"finegrained\"\nenvironment (homogeneous resource distribution) , random\nencounters, mutually exclusive search and handling costs, a rank of all\nfood resource types on the basis of net return rate on encounter, and\ncomplete information. While the model can predict qualitative subsistence\npatterns, such as a fluctuation of diet breadth in accordance with\nchanges in search or handling costs derived from technological changes,\nmany of the quantitative tests have revealed discrepancies between the\nmodel's predictions and observed patterns. This is mainly due to the\nfact that the human foraging patterns in question sometimes violate the\nassumptions of the model. It is common that male foragers often ignore\nplant foods that would increase overall energy return rates of foraging if\ncollected. Tests made within a set of animal foods or one of plant foods\nshow close fits between predictions and observations.\nFor a \"patchy\" environment, where resources are distributed in a\nheterogeneous fashion, optimal patch use models are used to predict an\narray of habitats (patches) to be exploited and how long a forager stays\nin a patch before leaving for another. The optimal patch choice model\nhas the same structure and procedure as those of the optimal diet breadth\nmodel, while replacing resource types with patch types. The optimal\npatch residence time is solved by using the marginal value theorem,\nwhich assumes diminishing returns and determines the point at which a\nforager should leave a depleting patch to search for another one to\nmaximize energy return rate. We can so far find no anthropological\nstudies of patch residence time that meet the assumptions of the marginal\nvalue theorem except for one case. Most of the studies incorrectly attempt\nto predict the proportion of time foragers spend exploiting\ndifferent patches on the assumption that optimal foragers preferentially\nallocate foraging time to patches with higher return rates.\nRelaxing and changing assumptions can modify the classic diet\nbreadth and patch use models. The central-place-foraging model in\nwhich foraging is modeled as a trip with a given point (a camp or village)\nof departure and return is more suited to human foraging than the classic\nmodels. Foraging models focused on acquisition and sharing of information\nabout resource conditions among foraging groups and reduction\nof risk (variance in food consumption) by food sharing, which are\nunique to human foragers, allow interesting predictions to be made\nabout choice behavior and social interaction.\nHumans are omnivorous animals and exploit simultaneously\nvarious food resources greatly different in nutritional composition. The\nclassic foraging models reduce nutritional values of food only to energy.\nMost of the critiques of the optimal foraging models have been directed\ntoward this point. The problem of multiple nutrient requirements has\nbeen treated with a linear programming model that aims to predict the\nleast costly solution to an economic problem in which resources (labor,\nenergy, raw material, and money) must be allocated among competing\nactivities. Another approach to evaluating food resources along more\nthan one scale is indifference analysis, borrowed from microeconomics.\nThis analysis predicts a utility-maximizing mix of different but complementary\nand substitutable food resources. Each approach has its\nstrengths and weaknesses.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004094","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"口蔵, 幸雄"},{"creatorName":"クチクラ, ユキオ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Kuchikura, Yukio","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_024_4_003.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"7.0 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_024_4_003.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4102/files/KH_024_4_003.pdf"},"version_id":"317bb489-e15a-47f4-af8e-67ab389638f6"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"最適採食理論｜行動生態学｜狩猟採集民｜食餌幅｜パッチ利用｜中心点採食｜リスク｜食物分配｜線形計画法｜無差別曲線分析","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"optimal foraging theory｜behavioral ecology｜human foragers｜diet breadth｜patch use｜central-place foraging｜risk｜food sharing｜linear programming｜indifference curve analysis","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"最適採食戦略 : 食物獲得の行動生態学","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"最適採食戦略 : 食物獲得の行動生態学"},{"subitem_title":"Optimal Foraging Strategies : The Behavioral Ecology of Food Acquisition","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["407"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4102","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["最適採食戦略 : 食物獲得の行動生態学"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:19:27.347093+00:00"}