{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:03.509222+00:00","id":4049,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"e9f39a8f-55b7-4488-b94e-5a7861602639"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4049","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4049"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004049","sets":["345:397"]},"author_link":["7922"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2002-11-20","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"2","bibliographicPageEnd":"359","bibliographicPageStart":"315","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"27","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"　人工物（artifact）の製作技術の研究は，材料や製作用具の特定や，工程の同\n定に止まるものではない。製作者は材料や製作用具に関する詳細な知識をもち，\nまた製作物の形態や構造に関するデザインを行う必要がある。しかし技術的な\n知識とは，具体的な行為の中で，材料と製作用具を工程に沿って操作するため\nの実践的知識なのである。また結果として生み出される人工物は，「青写真的」\nデザインが単に物質に鋳型のように上乗せされてできるものではない。\n　製作者は組織化された身振りによって素材の性質と絶えず対話を行い，偶発\n的な問題に対応しながら，ある一定の範囲で目指す構造や形態にたどり着くの\nである。製作工程では種々の決裁（decision-making）ないし意志決定が行われる\nが，それにはほとんど無意識の体の反応から，意識的あるいは組織的な行動に\n至るまで多層的に階層化した構造が見られる。またその意志決定の階梯は人工\n物を作る素材や目指す製品の形態や構造によって異なってくることが予想され\nる。\n　本稿で取り上げるソロモン諸島の貝ビーズ製作は，貝を削って行うビーズの\n製作という減算的過程と，ビーズを組み上げるという加算的あるいは構成的な\n過程の結合で成り立つ。人々は習得した身体技法を通して作業を行ってゆくが，\n今日，製作の各工程において，材料の貝殻や中間段階の貝ビーズの調達に複雑\nな流通経路が形成されている。人々はこのような経路を使って，さまざまな計\n画的ないし偶発的な需要に対して臨機応変な対応をしている。\n　このように，無意識的なあるいは条件付けられた身振りから，材料調達に関\nする組織的な発案に至るまで，総体的に見ることで初めて技術の動態が理解で\nきる。技術とは社会的に蓄積された知識であり，製作者の技能の習得から，材\n料調達の仕組みに至るまで，一定の行動パターンを生み出す一種の制度と考え\nることが有効であろう。\n　操作連鎖論的モデルは人工物の製作工程研究にきわめて有効な方法である\nが，狭義の「工程の記述」に矮小化せずに，上記のような制度的な側面を含め\nるべく拡張し，再構築すべきであろう。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"No study of the technology of making artifacts should be limited to the\nidentification of raw materials, tools and work stages, since artisans have a\ndetailed knowledge of materials and equipment as well as a kind of blueprint\nof the form and structure of the intended artifacts. Artifacts are not created,\nhowever, just by imposing “blueprints” on the material (e.g., Ingold 2000a).\nTechnical knowledge must be used to operate on materials with tools in a\nseries of gestures through a working process (e.g., Lemonnier 1992).\nArtisans, with trained physical skills, continuously dialog with the quality\nof their materials, cope with contingent problems, and aim to arrive at an\nintended form within an acceptable range. In this process, a variety of decisions\nare made (e.g., Carr 1995). Those decisions are, however, hierarchically\norganized, ranging from almost unconscious (or automatic) bodily responses\nto conscious and planned behavior and judgments. Also the decision-hierarchy\nstructure has variations, according to the physico-chemical quality of the raw\nmaterials and the form and structure of the intended artifacts.\nThe production of shell-bead artifacts in the Langalanga Lagoon of\nMalaita Island of the Solomons consists of two stages: 1) a subtractive process\nlike flint knapping or wood carving: shaping shells into discs and beads,\nand 2) an additive process like basketry or textile weaving: arranging shellbeads\ninto shell money and ornaments (Goto 1996). In the first stage, the artisans,\nwith trained physical skills, break shells, shape broken shells into disks,\ndrill the disks and file them into round beads. The surfaces of some shells\nare polished before being drilled, while others are heated to redness before\narrangement. In these operations, several individual choices of manufacturing\nmethods and stages may be observed.\nToday complex channels for obtaining raw materials (shells) and unfinished\nproducts (shell discs and beads) have been formed by purchasing, gifting\nand exchanging of materials, and recruiting labor. The artisans cope with\nvarious social demands (e.g., bride price) and many other contingent problems\nthrough these alternative channels. As a result, the decision-hierarchy concerning\nshell-bead craft today involves many alternative pathways.\nIn conclusion, we should have a holistic view of the technical process\nthat ranges from unconscious, conditioned physical skills to more conscious\ndecisions and “organizational innovations” concerning modes of production\nand circulation. The technological system could be understood as an institution\nthat frames the technical knowledge, perception and behavior of artisans.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004041","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"後藤, 明"},{"creatorName":"ゴトウ, アキラ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Goto, Akira","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_027_2_003.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_027_2_003.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4049/files/KH_027_2_003.pdf"},"version_id":"e8ec19f8-0bf6-42dd-a783-9fed4d50e804"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"技術的選択｜意志決定｜操作的連鎖｜チャネリング｜制度｜貝貨｜貝ビ ーズ｜ソロモン諸島","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"technological choice｜decision-making｜chaîns opératoire｜channeling｜institution｜shell-money｜shell-beads｜Solomon Islands","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"技術における選択と意志決定 : ソロモン諸島における貝ビーズ工芸の事例から","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"技術における選択と意志決定 : ソロモン諸島における貝ビーズ工芸の事例から"},{"subitem_title":"Choices and Decision Making in Technology : The Shell Bead Craft of the Solomon Islands as an Example","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["397"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4049","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["技術における選択と意志決定 : ソロモン諸島における貝ビーズ工芸の事例から"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:20:12.214723+00:00"}