@article{oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004036,
 author = {楊, 海英 and Yang, Haiying},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {国立民族学博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {「スニト部のギルーン・バートル」（Sönid-ün Gilügün Bayatur）という人物は，
13 世紀のモンゴル・ハーン国時代に大いに活躍した，と年代記はそろって記
述する。スニトは13 世紀の『モンゴル秘史』にも見られる有名な部族の名称で
ある。ギルーンは名前で，バートルは「勇士」を意味する爵号である。ギルー
ン・バートルはまずチンギス・ハーンをまつる八白宮祭祀のなかでその存在が
認められる。祭祀者たち（Darqad）にチンギス・ハーンからの恩賜を配る儀礼
の場で，ギルーン・バートルの直系子孫を称する者がその祖先の功績に基づい
てチンギス・ハーンからの恩賜を拝受する。八白宮祭祀のなかで，ギルーン・
バートルはチンギス・ハーンに追随した「4 人のバートル（勇士）」のひとりと
して位置づけられている。このような位置づけは17 世紀以降に書かれたモン
ゴルの年代記の記述とも一致する。
　つづいて19 世紀半ば頃の清朝道光年間にギルーン・バートルはもう一度登
場する。今度は八白宮の祭祀者ダルハトのひとり，ユムドルジ（Yümdorji）と
いう人物が，自らは13 世紀のギルーン・バートルの直系子孫で，代々八白宮
の祭祀者集団内のバートル（勇士）という職掌をつとめてきたと主張する。ユ
ムドルジは税金納入をめぐってオルドスの貴族たちと対立するが，シリンゴル
盟のスニト左旗の王公たちの支持をとりつけたため，ことを有利に運ぶ。スニ
ト左旗の王公たちとユムドルジは，13 世紀のスニト部のギルーン・バートルは
ユムドルジの直接の祖先である，という共通した歴史的認識を有していたこと
から，ユムドルジを支持したのである。このように，ギルーン・バートルとい
う13 世紀に存在したとされる人物はチンギス・ハーンの八白宮祭祀のなかで
その功績がずっと認められてきただけでなく，その子孫を称する人物も広く認
知されていた。モンゴルにとって，歴史あるいは歴史上の人物は決して過去の
ものではなく，現在を活きる存在であることが分かる。, There is a man’s name that appears several times in historic documents
of Mongolia compiled at different times over many centuries. The name is
Gilügün Bayatur, and the man was from a tribe called Sönid. Sönid is mentioned
in The Secret History of the Mongols, which was written in the 13th
century. To be exact, “Gilügün” was, in fact, his name by birth, whereas
“Bayatur” was an acquired title meaning “brave warrior”. Amongst ancient
records, the oldest reference to “Gilügün Bayatur” is found in the description
of the traditional ritual of “Eight White Tents”, which is dedicated to Genghis
Khan. Part of the ritual is the reconstruction of a historic scene, in which officiating
priests called “Darqad” in Mongolian are bestowed with royal gifts by
Genghis Khan. Involved with this tradition is a direct descendant of Gilügün
Bayatur, who comes forward to receive the reward from Genghis Khan, thus
being honoured on behalf of his ancestors for their devotion and allegiance to
his lordship of supremacy. As these proceedings of “Eight White Tents” suggest,
Gilügün Bayatur is defined as one of the leading followers of Genghis
Khan, manifesting the values of heroic loyalty, and contributing to his lordship’s
historic expedition. As a matter of fact, this great warrior figure concurs
with some expressions discovered in Mongolian chronicles from the 17th century
onward.
Following these precedents, the famous warrior appears once again in
a manuscript written in the middle of the 19th century during the Dao Guang
(道光) era of the Qing dynasty. Contained in this document is a statement by
a man named Yümdorji, an officiating priest (Darqad), who claims that he is
a legitimate direct descendant of Gilügün Bayatur, the courage of whom was
recorded in the 13th century archive, and that his family has been serving in
the proceedings of “Eight White Tents” through generations, fulfilling the role
of “Bayatur”. Once Yümdorji was involved in a conflict with local aristocrats
(Tayiji) in the Yeke Juu League (Ordos) in relation to an issue of tax payments.
As soon as unequivocal support was extended, however, to Yümdorji
by feudal lords of the Sönid East Banner in the Silingol League, the situation
turned round entirely in his favour. The reason why the royals of the Sönid
East Banner took the side of Yümdorji was that they acknowledged that he
was the legitimate descendant of Gilügün Bayatur from the ethnic group of
Sönid during the 13th century. What is worth noting is that the man named
Gilügün Bayatur, who is believed to have existed during the 13th century, has
always been honoured over many centuries in the tradition of “Eight White
Tents”, the ritual to worship Genghis Khan, for his bravery and dedication.
Furthermore, this fact itself emphasizes that historic figures as well as history
are not a mere representation of the past, but that they exist in the present,
symbolizing the fundamental values of Mongolia.},
 pages = {39--130},
 title = {儀礼が維持する集団の歴史的記憶 : 道光年間における祭祀者ダルハトの訴訟事件が反映する歴史観},
 volume = {28},
 year = {2003},
 yomi = {ヤン, ハイイン}
}