{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:02.985831+00:00","id":4033,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"3f9cbf4e-ae21-466a-b502-189f312f8e49"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"4033","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4033"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004033","sets":["345:393"]},"author_link":["10500"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2003-10-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"2","bibliographicPageEnd":"322","bibliographicPageStart":"297","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"28","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"中国の南端にある海南島三亜市羊欄鎮回輝村，回新村は，海南省内で唯一の\n回族集居地である。2002 年には，1218 戸，6,400 人の回族人口を有していた。\n1983 年12 月から2003 年3 月までの間に，筆者は合計8 回にわたって回輝，回\n新両村でのフィールドワークを行った。本稿は，このフィールドワーク資料を\n基に，歴史学，人類学，考古学，言語学の関連資料をも参照しながら，海南回\n族の歴史来源および羊欄回族コミュニティーの社会変化の過程について論じよ\nうとするものである。\n　海南島の回族には，2 つの主要な来源がある。一つは唐宋時代に中国に来住\nしたアラビア人商人であり，もう一つは宋元二代に占城（チャンパ）から移住\nしてきたイスラム教徒である。\n　唐宋時代には，イスラム教を信仰するアラビア人商人が，「海上のシルク\nロード」沿いに広州，泉州など中国の沿海都市に来住し，貿易活動に従事し\nた。海南島はアラビア商船の通り道であった。それらアラビア人商人の一部分\nは，台風や海賊の被害によって，海南島東南部の陵水，万寧，崖県（現在の三\n亜市）など沿海地区に居留することになった。\n　明末清初から1943 年までの間は，三亜里という地点が羊欄回族の唯一の集\n居地であった。1943 年には，日本軍がこの地点に飛行場を建設したために，当\n地の回族は現在の回輝村に移転させられた。1945 年の終戦の後，回族の一部は\nもとの村に戻り，地名を回新と改め，こうして現在の回輝・回新両村落からな\nる回族コミュニティーができあがった。\n羊欄の回族社会では，1980 年代になって経済，文化等の方面で非常に大きな\n変化が生じた。80 年代後半には，三亜市の発展にともなってコミュニティー全\n体に衆人の注目を集める一大変化が生じたが，その主要なものは以下の四方面\nの変化である。\n1．産業構造の変革\n　回輝，回新両村は海辺に位置していたので，回族の人々は代々魚を捕るこ\nとを主要な生活手段としてきた。漁船は小型で性能の低いものだったので，沖\n合い漁業には適さず，収入は少なかったので，回族の人々の生活は極めて貧し\nかった。1987 年の両村住民の平均年収は200 元強であり，羊欄鎮の中でも最も\n低収入の村であった。\n　1987 年に三亜が県レベルから地区レベルの市に昇格した後，省政府は「三亜\nを現代的国際ビーチリゾート都市に」という全体目標を掲げ，これによって不\n動産開発ブームと観光産業の隆盛が引き起こされた。羊欄の回族はこの機を捉\nえ，一連の経済活動に取り組み，わずか十数年のうちには運送業，観光販売・\nサービス業，青果の卸し・小売業を筆頭に，多様な経営活動を含む新たな経済\n発展の局面が到来して，この村は鎮の中でも最も裕福な村へと変身したのであ\nる。\n2．生活様式の変化\n　経済的収入の増加は，生活様式の変化を生み出した。まず，住居の様態が変\nわり，低層の草葺き屋根はスレート葺き家屋やビルになった。また，交通手段\nが改善され，徒歩や自転車に代わってモータリゼーションが生じた。さらに，\n生活用品が多様化，高級化した。\n3．価値観および行動パターンの革新\n　1980 年代以前には，回族コミュニティーの住民は，中国農村一般と同じく\n「靠山吃山，靠海吃海」（山にあれば山の幸を食べ，海にあれば海の幸を食べ\nる）の伝統的な自然経済観念を墨守していた。80 年代に中国が改革開放を実行\nして以降，回族の人々は「法律・道徳に触れない限り，金の稼げることならな\nんでもする」という価値観をもつようになった。そして，回族コミュニティー\nの経済状況は，量的変化と，質的飛躍を成し遂げたのである。\n　伝統的観念と，行動パターンの変化にともない，羊欄の回族女性は，家庭の\n外に出て各種の経済活動に携わるようになり，家計の担い手の主力となった。\n4．伝統文化の継承と発揚\n　回族は，イスラム教を信仰する民族であり，回族の伝統文化は，至る部分に\nおいて，イスラム文化の刻印を受けている。伝統文化の継承と発揚のため，羊\n欄の回族は以下のいくつかの措置を採用している。\n　まず，モスクの再建・新設を，伝統文化の発揚上の最重要事項とし，1990 年\n代には，6 個のモスクが次々と再建・新設された。\n　また，地元での宗教的人材の養成を重視し，80 年代以来，十数名の優秀な青\n年を，サウジアラビア，イランなどの国家のイスラム学校へ留学させ，帰国後\nは各モスクで，教長や，アホンを担当したり，宗教教育活動に従事したりして\nいる。\nさらに，青少年に対する宗教文化知識の普及に努め，各モスクではコーラン\n学校を開いている。\n　そして，宗教生活並びに日常生活上，イスラム教の教義としきたりを遵守し\nている。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Huihui Village and Huixin Village, located in Yanglan Town, Sanya City,\nHainan Island in south China, are the two only compact communities of Hui\nNationality in Hainan Province. In 2002, there were 1218 households of Hui\nNationality and 6400 Hui people lived there. From December 1983 to March\n2003, the author visited these two villages 8 times in succession to do field\nresearch. In this article, the author will try to analyze the historical origin of\nthe Hui Nationality of Hainan Province and the social transformation of the\nHui community of Yanglan Town based on material obtained through fieldwork\nand other data of history, anthropology, archaeology and linguistics.\nThere are two main origins of the Hui Nationality of Hainan. One consisted\nof Arabian merchants who came to China during the Tang and Song\nDynasties. The other consisted of Muslims who immigrated from Zhancheng\nin Vietnam during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.\nDuring the Tang and Song Dynasties, many Muslim Arabian merchants\ncame to Guangzhou, Quanzhou and other coastal cities of China along “the\nSilk Road on the Sea” to do business. Hainan was then an important destination\nfor Arabian merchant vessels. During these times, some of those Arabian\nmerchants were forced to stay in Lingshui, Wanning, Ya County (now named\nSanya City) and some other coastal regions in the south-east part of Hainan\ndue to typhoons or the attacks of pirates. As time went by, most of the offspring\nof these Arabian businessmen were assimilated into the local Han, Li\nand Miao Nationalities. Some other descendants developed into the ancestors\nof the Hui Nationality of Yanglan Town.\nDuring the Song and Yuan Dynasties, many Muslims from Zhancheng,\nVietnam immigrated into Dan County, Ya County, Wanning and some other\ncoastal areas of Hainan in order to avoid the turmoils of typhoons and wars.\nThe majority of those Muslims living in Dan County and Wanning are assimilated\ninto other local nationalities. The offspring of the Muslims dwelling\nmainly in Ya County moved to Suosanya Li (now the site of Huixin Village,\nYanglan Town, Sanya City) of Ya County about the end of the Ming Dynasty\nand the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. They formed a Hui community with a\ncollective dwelling place, joint economic livelihood, a common language and\ncustoms there.\nBetween the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing\nDynasty, Suosanya Li was the only compact community of Hui Nationality in\nYanglan Town. In 1943, they were forced to move to Huihui Village because\nthe Japanese army planned to construct an airport there. When the war ended\nin 1945, some of them moved back and named it “Huixin”, and thus these\ntwo compact communities of Hui Nationality came into being.\nThe economy and culture of these communities saw no great changes\nfrom the time they settled there to the beginning of the 1980s. But in the late\n1980s, the whole community changed greatly along with the urbanization of\nSanya City as follows:\n1. Reformation of industrial structure\nHuihui Village and Huixin Village are both located on the seacoast. Fishing\nwas the traditional means to make a living for generations. Because the\nboats were small, poorly constructed and not suitable for deep sea fishing, the\npeople couldn’t earn enough to make ends meet and they lived a very miserable\nlife. In 1987, the average annual income per person in these two villages\nwas RMB200 or so, the lowest in Yanglan Town.\nAfter Sanya was elevated from a city of county level to a city of prefecture\nlevel in 1987, the Hainan Provincial government put forward the overall\ngoal of “transforming Sanya into a modernized international seacoast tourist\ncity”. This brought about a tide of development of real estate and a blooming\nof the local tourist industry. The Hui people of Yanglan took advantage of\nthis great opportunity to carry out a range of economic activities during this\nperiod. Just in a few years, they formed a new economic pattern with such\nleading industries as traffic services, tourism, trade and the whole & retail\nsale of fruit and vegetables. Now these two villages are the richest in Yanglan\nTown.\n2. Transformation of life styles\nThe increase of income caused the transformation of life styles.\nChange of living environment: Low thatched cottages have been replaced\nby tile-roofed houses and multi-storied buildings.\nImprovement of traffic conditions: Motor vehicles have been used widely\nto substitute for walking or cycling.\nDiversification and improvement in quality of daily necessities.\n3. Innovation in values and behavioral orientation.\nBefore the 1980s, the members of the Hui Communities cherished the\ntraditional values of the natural economy: “those living on a mountain live\noff the mountain, those living near the water live off the water”, just like the\ninhabitants of other Chinese rural areas. After the “Reformation and Opening\nto the World” of China in the 1980s, the members of the Hui Nationality\nbegan to uphold the different value “every profession is good as long as it can\nproduce a profit and won’t violate the law and discipline.” The transformation\nof their values did much to help in the improvement of the local economy and\nsociety.\nAlong with the innovation in values and behavioral orientation, the\nwomen of Hui Nationality of Yanglan began to leave the home and take part\nin all sorts of economic activities and are now the main leaders in making\nfortunes.\n4. Continuation and development of traditional cultures.\nHui is a Muslim nationality. The traditional cultures of the Hui Nationality\nare all deeply influenced by Muslim cultures. In order to carry forward\nand develop traditional cultures, the Hui people of Yanglan took certain measures\nas follows:\nThe construction and reconstruction of mosques is a matter of prime\nimportance in spreading and developing traditional cultures. About 6 mosques\nwere constructed or reconstructed in the 1990s.\nTraining local religious professionals. More than 10 outstanding youths\nwere sent abroad to study in the Muslim schools of Saudi Arabia, Iran and\nsome other countries and they were appointed as deans, imams or engaged in\nreligious education after graduation.\nPopularization of religious knowledge among the youth. Religious education\nin every mosque.\nAbiding by the canons and ceremonies of Islam both in religious activities\nand everyday life.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00004025","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"馬, 建釗"},{"creatorName":"バ, ケンショウ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Ma, Jianzhao","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_028_2_004.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.9 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_028_2_004.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4033/files/KH_028_2_004.pdf"},"version_id":"879b6a7c-de48-4aca-8388-fee12650f17b"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"海南省回族｜歴史｜都市化","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"the Hui in Hainan Province｜history｜urbanization","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"zho"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"海南回族的历史来源与社会变迁 : 对海南省三亚市羊栏镇两回族村的历史学与人类学的考察","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"海南回族的历史来源与社会变迁 : 对海南省三亚市羊栏镇两回族村的历史学与人类学的考察"},{"subitem_title":"Historical Origin & Social Transformation of the Hui Nationality of Hainan Province : A Historical & Anthropological Study of Two Hui Nationality Villages of Yanglan Town, Sanya City","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["393"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"4033","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["海南回族的历史来源与社会变迁 : 对海南省三亚市羊栏镇两回族村的历史学与人类学的考察"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:20:27.063261+00:00"}