{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:01.491878+00:00","id":3996,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"5a41d712-01f8-4930-91bc-8ef3e91d8529"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"3996","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"3996"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003996","sets":["345:386"]},"author_link":["58"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2005-09-30","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"55","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"30","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"19 世紀なかばのフランスでは，ブロカに率いられた人類学派が発展し，学界\nを超えて強い社会的影響をもった。それは，人間の頭蓋や身体各部位を計測し，\n一連の数字にまで還元することで，人びとを絶対的な人種の境界のあいだに分\n割することをめざした人種主義的性格の強い人類学であった。この人類学が当\n時のフランスで広く成功した理由は，産業革命が進行し，教会の権威が失墜し\nた19 世紀なかばのフランスで，新しい自己認識と世界理解を求める個が大量\nに出現したことに求められる。こうした要求に対し，ブロカ派人類学は数字に\nまで還元／単純化された世界観と，白人を頂点におくナルシスティックな自己\n像／国民像の提出によって応えたのであった。\n　1871 年にはじまるフランス第三共和制において，この人類学は，共和派代議\n士，新興ブルジョワジー，海軍軍人などと結びつくことで，共和主義的帝国主\n義と呼ぶことのできる新しい制度をつくり出した。この帝国主義は，法と同意\nによって維持される国民国家の原則に立つ本国と，法と同意の適用を除外され\nた植民地とのあいだの不平等を前提とするものであったが，ブロカ派人類学は\n植民地の有色人種を劣等人種とみなす理論的枠組みを提供することで，この制\n度の不可欠の要素となっていた。\n　1890 年以降，新しい社会学を築きつつあったデュルケームは，ユダヤ人排斥\nの人種主義を批判し，人種主義と関連しがちな進化論的方法の社会研究への導\n入を批判した。かれが構築した社会の概念は，社会に独自の実在性と法則性を\n与えるものであり，当時の支配的潮流としての人種主義とは無縁なところに社\n会研究・文化研究の領域をつくりだした。しかし，ナショナリスティックに構\n築されたがゆえに社会の統合を重視するその社会学は，社会と人びとを境界づ\nけ，序列化するものとしての人種主義を乗りこえる言説をつくりだすことはで\nきなかった。\n　人種，国民国家，民族，文化，共同体，性などの諸境界が，人びとの意識の\nなかに生み出している諸形象の力学を明らかにし，その布置を描きなおしてい\nく可能性を，文化／社会人類学のなかに認めていきたい。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"19th Century France saw the development of the Paris Anthropological\nSociety, directed by the world famous anatomist Paul Broca. The anthropology\nadvocated by this society is now defined as racial anthropology, its main\nobjective being to measure the body parts of all races in order to characterize\nand rank them according to their supposed intellectual ability, inferred from\nthe measurements. This society had a strong influence not only on national/\ninternational scientific societies, but on public opinion in the West through\nthese societies. Its success may be explained by the fact that it could furnish\na simplified but relatively coherent view of the world and of humanity to the\nmasses who emerged in the 19th century and were not satisfied with the old\nBiblical world view.\nDuring the French Third Republic that began after the defeat of France\nby the Prussian army, the society contributed to the construction of a kind\nof imperialism that might be called Republican Imperialism. This Imperialism\nimplies an absolute inequality between the metropolitan countries, where\nrepublican principles such as liberty and equity were applied to all members\nof the Nation State, and the colonies, where these principles were totally\nabrogated. In formulating this imperialism, the Paris Anthropological Society\nplayed an indispensable role, by offering a scientific basis to legitimize discrimination\nagainst colonized/colored peoples, whom it demonstrated to be of\ninferior race.\nIn the last decade of the 19th century, Durkheim, the founder of the\nemerging French sociological school, criticized the application to sociological\nstudies of the evolutionary method that was linked to racial anthropology.\nDurkheim made every effort to elaborate and consolidate a new sociology.\nThis attempted to establish some constitutive principles of society which\ncould open a new field of social/cultural studies, distinct from that of the\nracial anthropology which had been dominant through the 19th century. But,\nin overestimating the integrating mechanisms of a society, Durkheim’s sociology\ndid not succeed in elaborating a method that could overcome the racial\nthinking destined to divide peoples by ranking them.\nThe cultural/social anthropology that has been shaped more or less under\nthe influence of Durkheimian sociology must be reshaped in order to find a new\napproach to our world, divided as it is by borderlines such as race/nation/culture.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00003988","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"竹沢, 尚一郎"},{"creatorName":"タケザワ, ショウイチロウ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Takezawa, Shoichiro","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_030_1_001.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"3.9 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_030_1_001.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/3996/files/KH_030_1_001.pdf"},"version_id":"c815c264-84f7-4a09-aca1-9d937794c33e"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"人種人類学｜19世紀フランス｜人類学史｜ブロカ｜デュルケーム","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Racial Anthropology｜19th Century France｜history of anthropology｜Broca｜Durlheim","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"人種／国民／帝国主義 : 19世紀フランスにおける人種主義人類学の展開とその批判","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"人種／国民／帝国主義 : 19世紀フランスにおける人種主義人類学の展開とその批判"},{"subitem_title":"Race/ Nation/ Imperialism : Development of Racial Anthropology in 19th Century France and its Criticism","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["386"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"3996","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["人種／国民／帝国主義 : 19世紀フランスにおける人種主義人類学の展開とその批判"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:21:10.891805+00:00"}