{"created":"2023-06-20T15:59:01.169483+00:00","id":3986,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"f572e504-2675-4988-86f7-b873c95882be"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"3986","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"3986"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003986","sets":["345:383"]},"author_link":["10500","10502"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2006-03-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"4","bibliographicPageEnd":"577","bibliographicPageStart":"533","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"30","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"珠江デルタは中国南部の広東省にあり，13 の市・県（区）を包含する。急\n速な経済発展にともない，同地域は広州を中心として，活力に満ちた都市群を\n形成している。農村労働力がこうした都市部に流入し就業しているが，そのう\nち常住少数民族は約67 万人である。本研究で用いた資料は，文末の参考文献\nを除いて，すべてフィールドワークによる参与観察とインタビュー，及びアン\nケート調査に基づくものである。本稿はそうした資料をもとに，珠江デルタ都\n市の外来少数民族の流動と文化的な適応の問題を論ずるものである。\n　本研究では，珠江デルタ都市の外来少数民族には次の四つの特徴があるこ\nとが分かった。1）人口増加の驚くべき速さ，2）集団性，3）チュワン族が最\n多で，土家族，ミャオ族，トン族，ヤオ族の順で続く民族分布状況，4）「大雑\n居」，「小集住」の空間的分布状況構造である。\n　珠江デルタの外来少数民族の流動には，客観的要因と主観的要因がある。客\n観的要因には，政治的要因と経済的要因がある。政治的には1980 年代以降，\n都市と農村とを二分化する統治モデルが徐々に解消され，農村や牧畜地域から\n都市へと流入した少数民族のために，政策と保障を提供している。経済的に\nは，計画経済が市場経済へと軌道変更し，労働力の自由な転職が見込まれるよ\nうになった。珠江デルタ都市の経済は，少数民族が居住している広大な「少・\n辺・貧」地域から見れば，巨大な経済格差を有している。主観的側面での主な\n要因は金儲けであるが，それ以外にも様々な要因がある。すなわち，珠江デル\nタ都市の繁栄へのあこがれ，故郷での発展機会の欠如，大勢に従おうとする心\n理，父母の世代のように一生田畑に縛られたくないという気持ちなどである。\n　本研究で明らかになったのは，都市外来少数民族には物質面，制度面，精神\n面での適応問題が存在し，ある種の特徴や傾向があるということである。\n　物質面での適応は，従業員が珠江デルタ地域でうまく生存していくことがで\nきるかどうかに関係しており，極めて重要なものである。気候面から言えば，\n珠江デルタの近隣地域から来ている従業員にはとくに不適応の問題は存在しな\nいが，雲南・貴州の両省から来ている従業員は，珠江デルタ地域の夏の暑さに\n強い不適応反応を示す。飲食面では，それぞれの意見はばらばらである。衣服\nに関しては，民族的な特徴を強調する必要があるときに，少数民族の従業員が\n民族的特色のある服装を身につける以外には，職場内で民族的特色を明らかに\nしようとはせず，少数民族従業員の服装も漢族従業員の服装と変わらない。生\n活条件の良い従業員は，故郷の習慣に合わせて住居を改装するが，生活条件の\nよくないものは自らを積極的に適応させるしかない。既婚労働者の多くは企業\n主の提供する部屋にそれぞれ居住し，夫婦が一つの部屋に住むことは少ない。\n交通面では，中小都市からの従業員のほうが，農村から来ている従業員よりも\nはるかに適応力が高い。\n　制度面での適応状況は，外来少数民族従業員の珠江デルタにおける生活の質\nを反映している。珠江デルタ都市に居住するモソ人のなかには，伝統的な妻訪\n婚（走婚）にアイデンティティを見出す人もいるが，一方で主流の婚姻制度に\n順応するものもいる。都市制度や企業ルールに徐々に適応するにつれて，珠江\nデルタの不満は徐々に解消されており，指導的な地位に就くと同様なルールや\nシステムの制定を提唱する。社会関係の面では，外来少数民族従業員は，中国\n郷土社会の「差序格局（格差と序列によるモデル）」から，「『都市型』差序格\n局」への構造転換を経験している。珠江デルタ都市の少数民族は現地の戸籍を\n有せず，そのため国の教育や医療などの福祉を現地の人々と同様には享受する\nことができない。よって，実質的に彼らは，この制度外の二等市民として生活\nすることになる。\n　精神面について言えば，外来少数民族の思想観念と宗教信仰とは，レベルの\n異なる適応の問題が存在する。珠江デルタ都市少数民族の生育観念，時間観\n念，規律観念などは大きな変化を受けている。自我意識が徐々に覚醒され，現\n代の社会的市民が有すべき自由で自覚的な生存状況へと変化しつつある。多く\nの民族が共存し繁栄している環境において，他者と平和裏に共存するために必\n要な寛容性と他者を理解する態度を獲得している。珠江デルタ都市の外来少数\n民族の中には，元来の宗教的タブーを守り抜こうとするものもいるが，一方で\n生存はタブーよりもずっと重要であるため，宗教的タブーを克服しマジョリ\nティの文化に進んで適応しようとしているものもいる。また，現世利益が来世\nへの誓いよりも現実的であるので，信者の中には宗教信仰が希薄化してマジョ\nリティの生活様式に適応している人たちもいる。\n　物質，制度，精神という三つの側面からの適応状況を総合的に考えると，珠\n江デルタの外来少数民族には，都市暫定居住者，将来の都市居住者，都市農村\n両棲者という三つの異なる分化が見られる。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Located in Guangdong, South China, the Pearl River Delta (PRD)\nincludes 13 cities, counties or districts. With the high-speed development\nof the PRD economy, a prosperous city group with Guangzhou as its center\nhas come into being. A huge rural labor force, including about 670,000\nurban nonnative ethnic minorities (UNEM), have swarmed into these cities\nand lived in them for over half a year. Except for the references of this paper,\nall materials were obtained by personal observation, deep interviews and\nquestionnaires during the field work period. Based on these materials, this\npaper discusses the floating population and acculturation of these UNEM.\nThe researches show that there are four features of the floating population\nof UNEM: their numbers increase at a surprising speed; many UNEM\nfloat in groups; the Chuang nationality is the largest UNEM, followed by the\nTujia, Miao, Dong, and Yao nationalities; the spatial distribution of UNEM\ntakes on the patterns of “integrated” and “scattered groups”.\nThere are both objective and subjective reasons for the floating population\nof UNEM. The objective reasons are mostly political and economic.\nPolitically, the government has gradually been canceling the management\npattern of urban-rural duality since the 1980s, and this policy provides\nadmission for rural and pastural minorities to urban areas. Economically, the\nPRC has been shifting from a planned economy to a market economy, so that\nrural and pastural labor can move freely. Compared to the rural and pastural\nareas of “minority, borderland and poverty”, the PRD cities exhibit a large\n“economic gap”. The most important subjective reason for migration is to\nearn money, but there are many other reasons for the floating UNEM population,\nsuch as yearning for a rich and prosperous life, shortage of chances\nfor development at home, the psychology of following others, unwilling to be\nearth-bound peasants like their ancestors, and so on.\nThe research finds that there are acculturations for UNEM in the three\ndimensions of substance culture, system culture and spiritual culture, and that\nacculturation takes on certain features and trends.\nThe acculturation to substance culture is extremely important for UNEM,\nbecause it relates to the basic necessities of life. Workers from near the PRD\nhave no great problems with the climate, while workers from Yunnan and\nGuizhou often feel very uncomfortable during the sweltering summer in\nPRD. Different workers have different tastes, so it is difficult for enterprises\nto solve such problems. Except in certain special situations emphasizing\nethnic features, minority workers are not willing to wear ethnic clothes, so\nin corporations where there is no need to emphasize ethnic features apparel\nis no any difference from Han nationality workers. Some workers make use\nof favorable factors to reconstruct the insides of their houses according to\nhometown styles, while others just have to adapt to what they get. UNEM\ncouples seldom sleep together, because they have to live in different houses\nprovided by their respective bosses. As for transportation, the adaptability of\nworkers from middle sized or small cities is better than that of workers from\nrural and pastural areas.\nAcculturation on the system dimension reflects UNEM quality of life.\nSome Mosuo people determinedly identify with their traditional visiting\nmarriage system, while others shift into the leading marriage patterns of PRD\ncities. With gradual acclimation to the urban system and enterprise regulations,\nUNEM discontent grows less; when some of them become leaders, they also\nadvocate or even make similar regulations. In social relationships, UNEM\nexperience a process of separation from the rural version of the “Differential\nMode of Association” towards the reconstruction of its urban version. UNEM\nare not registered permanent residents of the PRD, so they cannot share in\nnational welfare such as education, medical treatment and so on. Therefore,\nthey are second-class citizens outside the welfare system.\nAs to the spiritual dimension of acculturation, there are different degrees\nof acculturation problems for UNEM in terms of concepts and faith. In the\nPRD, UNEM concepts of procreation, time and discipline have been changing\na lot; UNEM self-awareness increases little by little, and they have been\nheading for that state of free and self-conscious subsistence possessed by\npeople in the modern society; gradually, they are obtaining the feelings of\ntolerance and understanding needed for peaceful coexistence with others in\nthe multiethnic environment. Some UNEM stick to most aspects of their various\nprimary religions and taboos, others adapt themselves to the dominant\nculture and overcome their religious taboos, because life is more important\nthan religious observances; actively weakening their religious feelings, some\nreligious disciples are seasoned with the dominant life style, because secular\nbenefits are after all more realistic than pie in the sky.\nTaking the entire acculturation situation of the three dimensions of\nsubstance, system and spirit into consideration, UNEM in the PRD fall into\nthree groups: the “passing travelers” of cities, future citizens and “amphibian”\npeople living both in the PRD cities and in their rural hometowns.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00003978","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"馬, 建釗"},{"creatorName":"バ, ケンショウ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Ma, Jianzhao","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"陈, 晓毅"},{"creatorName":"Chen, Xiaoyi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_030_4_003.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"3.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_030_4_003.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/3986/files/KH_030_4_003.pdf"},"version_id":"9b65e32a-c4a5-4abe-9b4b-b8319866fe02"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"珠江デルタ｜都市外来少数民族｜人口流動の特徴｜文化適応","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"the Pearl River Delta (PRD)｜Urban Nonnative Ethnic Minorities (UNEM)｜floating population features｜acculturation","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"zho"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"珠江三角洲城市外来少数民族的流动与适应","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"珠江三角洲城市外来少数民族的流动与适应"},{"subitem_title":"Floating Population and Acculturation of Urban Nonnative Ethnic Minorities in the Pearl River Delta","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["383"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-16"},"publish_date":"2010-02-16","publish_status":"0","recid":"3986","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["珠江三角洲城市外来少数民族的流动与适应"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T17:21:19.324243+00:00"}