{"created":"2023-06-20T15:58:56.294940+00:00","id":3873,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"1ac18c88-07d2-4335-9e44-608ee670f50b"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"3873","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"3873"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003873","sets":["345:360"]},"author_link":["3141"],"item_9_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2012-02-27","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"393","bibliographicPageStart":"353","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"36","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立民族学博物館研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"　日本語は，北方のツングース諸語および南方のオーストロネシア語族の両文\n法要素を継承する混合言語である。日本語の系統もこの視点から見直そうとす\nる動きがすでに始まっている。これまでに発表したいくつかの拙稿では日本語\nにおけるオーストロネシア系語源の結論部分だけを述べたものが多かったが，\n本稿では音法則を中心とした記述に重点を置き，意味変化についても民俗知識\nに基づいた説明を行った。引用語例は筆者がすでに述べたものも含まれるが，\n多くは本稿で初めて提示するものである。他者によって言及されている語源説\nについてはその妥当性を検討した。また，論述の過程において，日本語音韻史\nでこれまで隔靴掻痒の感が否めなかったハ行・ワ行歴史的仮名遣いの表記上の\n問題点を摘出した。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"That Japanese was formed through a mixture of Tungusic and Austronesian\nhas gradually become clear. While it is said to be difficult to locate Japanese\nin a particular language family, this may be primarily because of the\ngreat length of time over which present-day Japanese was formed. Progress\nhas been hampered by insistence on the “purity” of the language. Modern\nJapanese was in fact formed through a mixing of languages.\nAfter Austronesian first moved from Taiwan into the northern Philippines\naround B.C. 2500, including the Malayo-Polynesian subfamily, a branch of\nthis group left for the Ryukyu-Japanese Archipelago and first settled in West\nJapan in the late Jomon period. As people spread northeastward, rice might\nhave carried with them, as evidenced by the early presence of rice cultivation\nin the southern Taiwan and the northern Philippines around B.C. 2000.\nSeveral Austronesian rice-related terms are retained in Japanese while involving\nsemantic changes; for example, Proto Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) *bǝRas\n‘husked rice’ became Ancient Japanese (AJ) *fiya-i (Old Japanese (OJ) hiyë\n‘Japanese millet’), PMP *pajay ‘rice plant’ to AJ *fasai (OJ hasë/wasë ‘earlyripening\nrice plant’), and so on.\nIn this paper I focused my concern to show about a hundred cognate\nwords based on regular sound correspondences between Proto Austronesian\n(PAN) or PMP and AJ, earlier Japanese before the Nara period (A.D. 710-\n784), and also to explain semantic changes brought about in AJ from the\nviewpoint of ethnology. In the case of sound changes from PAN to AJ, the\nmost remarkable is the confusion of phonetically similar phonemes : the distinction\nbetween *f /ɸ (the present ha column in kana) and *w (the present\nwa column), inherited from PAN *p/*b and *w respectively, is suspected of\nhaving become disordered mainly in the intervocalic position of AJ and that\nthis confusion carried over into the OJ Man’yo-gana writing system (Japanese\nsyllabaries originated from Chinese characters) used since much earlier in the\nNara period. Some words written with the ha column were rewritten with the\nwa colomn, and vice versa sporadically, to which I pointed out the historically\nlogical etyma tracing back to Austronesian. Another case is the merger of etymologically\ndifferent phonemes; PAN *R and Proto Tungusic *d seem to have\nchanced to become one phoneme y in AJ. As characteristics of sound change\nPAN word-final consonants tend to be dropped in AJ, allowing stems to end\nwith an open syllable. This trend, i.e. apocope, appears as a common phenomenon\nin Malagasy and Oceanic languages (particularly Polynesian languages),\nwhich are found on the geographical rim of the Austronesian distribution.\nAnd as a noticeable sound change from PAN the distinction between voiced\nand voiceless consonants is being lost, and in most languages of Oceania as\nwell as in AJ, this tendency is argued to exist on reliable linguistic evidence.\nIt would not be surprising even if a similar drift has emerged in Austronesian,\nwhich extended to Japan’s northernmost tip. The reason why the phonological\nvoiced and voiceless distinction revived at the latest before the Nara period is\ninexplicable without taking into consideration on language contact and bilingual\nmixtures brought about in the process of forming the Japanese language\nafter the late Jomon period. I wonder how conservative thought attached to\nlanguage monogenesis interprets this extraordinary innovation.\nThe pitch accent of Japanese is an important element when considering\nthe origins of the Japanese language. In Austronesian languages roots are\nbasically multisyllabic. I divide AJ vocabularies etymologically originating in\nPAN/PMP into three groups : group 1 appears to inherit the penultimate syllable\nof PAN, group 2 the final, and group 3 reflects the whole form. It is interesting\nthat Poi Tsaan (Huihui-hua), a Malayo-Polynesian Chamic language\nof Hainan Island of China, has phonetically changed to resemble a tonal language\nretaining in principle the final syllable of PAN (or Proto Cham). This\nfact gives a crucial insight into the occurrence of an accent after the loss of\nPAN/PMP syllables in AJ.\nIn a comparative list I classify Austronesian-derived Japanese vocabularies\ninto several categories such as rice-related terms, wind and direction\nnames, and basic color terms.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15021/00003865","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立民族学博物館"}]},"item_9_publisher_34":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"National Museum of Ethnology"}]},"item_9_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00091943","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_9_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0385-180X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"崎山, 理"},{"creatorName":"サキヤマ , オサム","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"Sakiyama , Osamu","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-11-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KH_036_3_002.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KH_036_3_002.pdf","url":"https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/3873/files/KH_036_3_002.pdf"},"version_id":"4d5d7fbd-c169-45c2-8637-88b05191086e"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"マライ・ポリネシア祖語","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"日本語系統","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"言語接触","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"ハ行転呼音","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"イネ関連語彙","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Proto Malayo-Polynesian","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Japanese genealogy","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"language contact","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"confusion of labials","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"rice-related terms","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"日本語の混合的特徴 : オーストロネシア祖語から古代日本語へ音法則と意味変化","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"日本語の混合的特徴 : オーストロネシア祖語から古代日本語へ音法則と意味変化"},{"subitem_title":"Japanese as a mixed language : sound law and semantic change from Proto Austronesian to Ancient Japanese","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["360"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2012-07-30"},"publish_date":"2012-07-30","publish_status":"0","recid":"3873","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["日本語の混合的特徴 : オーストロネシア祖語から古代日本語へ音法則と意味変化"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T19:31:51.293854+00:00"}