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oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004543 2023-06-20T19:24:59Z 345:486

中央アンデスの民話とアマゾンの神話 : 栽培植物・労働・死の起源 Central Andean Folktales and Amzonian Myths : The Origin of Cultivated Plants, Labor and Death 友枝, 啓泰 トモエダ, ヒロヤス Tomoeda, Hiroyasu In the southern part of the Central Andes there are numerous versions of a popular fox-tale, in which the fox hero travels to the heavens and crashes to the ground on his return. Some versions end with the origin of cultivated plants which spill from the stomach of the gluttonous hero who devoured them at a celestial banquet. Dispersion after disjunction (high/low) is an invariant feature which characterizes story-formation (combination and functioning of tale elements) of all the versions. And this pattern recurs in the cortamonte,o ne of the popular carnival activities in the northern part of the Central Andes. In this activity numerous participants in the festival fell a tall tree erected in an open square (disjunction) and rush to possess the objects with which it was decorated (dispersion). Although information on the magico-religious motive or symbolic meaning of the Andean cortamonteis lacking, its formation is quasiidentical with the story of some upper Amazonian (montana) myths, which relate that humans obtained various cultivated plants from the fruits of an original tree which they had felled. Andean fox-tales and the Amazonian myths thus coincide in their message and pattern. The Amazonian myths treat not only cultivated plants but also human mortality, which originates as if it were forced on those who "Chiwaco the Liar ," a transformation of the fox-tale. In these versions the thrush hero, acting as spiteful mediator between the celestial God and terrestial humans, is the source of various aspects of human life, such as agriculture, herding, or cooking and eating. Here, man's mortality is treated indirectly or in a reduce of form because human beings are forced to labor hard to obtain foodstuffs and their teeth, which wear-out, represent man's mortality. When man participates actively in the origin process of cultivated plants, as in the Amazonian cases, he experiences death simultaneously. Participating passively in the same process only as the recipient of messages from the God, as in the chiwaco-tale, lessens his mortal experiences to a degree of labor and pains, which gives a certain negative value to the plants derived. When he does not participate in the process, as in the fox-tale, only the dispersive aspect of the origin process remains constant and seems to be stressed. Our final observation on an Andean children's play, sachatiray (cutting tree), validates these arguments. felled the miraculous tree. In the Central Andes the message of this simultaneous origin of cultivated plants and man's mortality is transmitted in a more attenuated form by another popular tale, departmental bulletin paper 国立民族学博物館 National Museum of Ethnology 1980-03-30 VoR application/pdf 国立民族学博物館研究報告 1 5 240 300 Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology AN00091943 0385-180X https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4543/files/KH_005_1_006.pdf https://doi.org/10.15021/00004535 http://hdl.handle.net/10502/2765 https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/4543 jpn